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The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal spectrum of activity, synergy, and mode of action of carboxy-terminally amidated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from tachyplesin-I (T-I) from the horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus and a lysine-rich analogue of magainin-2 (MSI-94) from the clawed frog Xenopus laevis. In vitro antimicrobial tests against 17 fungal strains demonstrated that the modified AMPs exhibited broad antifungal activity, particularly against filamentous fungi and yeasts relevant to aquaculture and agriculture. Additive antimicrobial activity was observed with the combination of T-I and MSI-94 against Candida albicans and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, indicating an enhancement of their antiyeast properties. Furthermore, we found that both peptides target the fungal cell surface, increasing membrane permeability and leading to cell death. Overall, our findings highlight the biotechnological potential of aquatic AMPs in developing novel antifungal therapeutics applicable across various fields.
Principles of Medicine in Africa combines clinical medicine with a rich understanding of the major environmental and cultural influences on health and disease, providing comprehensive guidance for anyone intending to practise medicine in Africa. Presenting disease in the context of family and culture, the effects of inequality and problems of limited resources are addressed. The authors have a wealth of experience in front line healthcare in Africa and provide practical, evidence-based management guidelines for all the common and less common conditions likely to be encountered. This fifth edition has been thoroughly updated to incorporate the latest research findings and management guidelines and there has been much greater involvement of African physicians in the writing and editorial process. The chapters on cancer and non-communicable diseases have been expanded and new chapters have been added on digital health, critical care in a resource-limited setting, antimicrobial resistance, COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases.
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Diarrhoea is the passage of loose or watery stools at least three times in 24 hours (WHO 2005b). In acute diarrhoea the illness lasts less than 14 days. Dysentery is diarrhoea with visible blood in the stool. Persistent diarrhoea is diarrhoea that begins acutely and lasts for >14 days duration. These conditions differ with regard to pathogenesis, treatment and risk of death.
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Despite declining trends, pneumonia remains the most important infectious cause of serious illness and death in young children globally. It is estimated that pneumonia causes almost 800,000 deaths in children under 5 years of age each year, nearly all of which are preventable. Pneumonia is generally a more common cause of death in those countries that have the highest infant mortality rates. Risk factors are malnutrition, HIV infection or exposure and indoor or outdoor air pollution. Lack of access to basic medical care is behind most pneumonia deaths (UNICEF & World Health Organization 2013). This remains a problem in many African countries. Untreated, the case-fatality rate is particularly high in the first year of life.
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
The mortality rate of children less than 5 years of age has decreased by 60% since 1990, with the Millennium Development Goals having been a powerful drive for improvement. However, the reduction has not been evenly distributed throughout the world (UN IGME 2020). Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest under-5 mortality rate in the world, where 1 child in every 13 dies before celebrating their 5th birthday (UN IGME 2020).
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Edited by
David Mabey, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Martin W. Weber, World Health Organization,Moffat Nyirenda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala,Laura Benjamin, University College London,Michael Marks, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Nicholas A. Feasey, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine