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14 results

  • State and Society in Early Republican Politics, 1912–18

  • Mary Backus Rankin
  • Journal:
    The China Quarterly / Volume 150 / June 1997
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 February 2009, pp. 260-281
    Print publication:
    June 1997

  • The 1911 Revolution profoundly disrupted the mixture of bureaucratic power, cultural and religious symbolism, and force upon which the authority of the Qing imperial state had rested. Tacit agreements, shared assumptions and mutual interests defining balances between state and society could no longer determine political relationships. Thus the republican revolution opened the way for a long series of redefinitions, and changed the political contexts in which actions would take place. As knowledge of the early years of the Republic grows, so does appreciation of how actions were contingent upon unpredictable new circumstances.

  • “Public Opinion” and Political Power: Qingyi in Late Nineteenth Century China

  • Mary Backus Rankin
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Asian Studies / Volume 41 / Issue 3 / May 1982
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 March 2011, pp. 453-484
    Print publication:
    May 1982

  • The author reinterprets the phenomenon of qingyi (represented by members of the Qingliu and Emperor's party) as passing through five phases from 1875 to 1898, in the course of which it enlarged its scope of demands by lower- and middle-grade metropolitan officials for a broader distribution of political power and contributed to the formation of public opinion. This evolution was attended by the rise of analogous demands for political restructuring by men in two other environments: extrabureaucratic managerial and scholarly circles and the treaty ports. Militant patriotism mobilized and eventually united different groups, stimulating nationally conscious opinion that was alienated from the political leadership. The failure of government leaders to accommodate new political initiatives redirected qingyi into provincial movements and set the stage for the competition between centralizing bureaucratic and societally based programs for change that led to the 1911 revolution.