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29 results

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  • Using regulation to limit salt intake and prevent non-communicable diseases: lessons from South Africa’s experience

  • Jenny Claire Kaldor, Anne Marie Thow, Hettie Schönfeldt
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 22 / Issue 7 / May 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 December 2018, pp. 1316-1325
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  • Objective

    To analyse the policy process for the South African regulation setting upper limits for salt in thirteen commonly consumed food categories, to inform future policy action for prevention of non-communicable diseases.

    Design

    Semi-structured interviews (n 10) were conducted with key stakeholders from government, academia, non-governmental organisations and the food industry. Interviewees were asked about the content, context, process and actors involved in developing the regulation. Data were analysed according to Walt and Gilson’s health policy analysis triangle.

    Setting

    South Africa.

    Participants

    Key actors and stakeholders in the policy process to develop the salt regulation.

    Results

    The regulation was a response to research establishing the effectiveness of food supply interventions and to a shared perception that government regulation was the quickest way to address the problem of salt overconsumption. While the regulations were developed through a consultative process, food industry stakeholders perceived the consultation as inadequate. Implementation is currently underway, supported by a health promotion programme. Monitoring and enforcement were identified as the most likely challenges due to capacity constraints.

    Conclusions

    Comprehensive mandatory salt limits are an innovative approach to food reformulation. Factors that enabled regulation included robust scientific evidence, strong political and bureaucratic leadership, and the pragmatic use of existing regulatory instruments. The main challenges identified were disagreement over the appropriate nature and extent of food industry participation, and monitoring and enforcement challenges due to capacity constraints.

International Law and New Wars
  • Christine Chinkin, Mary Kaldor
  • Published online:
    19 May 2017
    Print publication:
    19 April 2017
  • International Law and New Wars examines how international law fails to address the contemporary experience of what are known as 'new wars' - instances of armed conflict and violence in places such as Syria, Ukraine, Libya, Mali, the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan. International law, largely constructed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, rests to a great extent on the outmoded concept of war drawn from European experience - inter-state clashes involving battles between regular and identifiable armed forces. The book shows how different approaches are associated with different interpretations of international law, and, in some cases, this has dangerously weakened the legal restraints on war established after 1945. It puts forward a practical case for what it defines as second generation human security and the implications this carries for international law.

  • 4 - Self-Defence as a Justification for War: The Geo-Political and War on Terror Models

  • from Part II - Jus ad Bellum
  • Christine Chinkin, London School of Economics and Political Science, Mary Kaldor, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book:
    International Law and New Wars
    Published online:
    19 May 2017
    Print publication:
    19 April 2017, pp 129-174
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