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Research was conducted from 2011 to 2014 to determine weed populationdynamics and frequency of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth withherbicide programs consisting of glyphosate, dicamba, and residualherbicides in dicamba-tolerant cotton. Five treatments were maintained inthe same plots over the duration of the experiment: three sequential POSTapplications of glyphosate with or without pendimethalin plus diuron PRE;three sequential POST applications of glyphosate plus dicamba with andwithout the PRE herbicides; and a POST application of glyphosate plusdicamba plus acetochlor followed by one or two POST applications ofglyphosate plus dicamba without PRE herbicides. Additional treatmentsincluded alternating years with three sequential POST applications ofglyphosate only and glyphosate plus dicamba POST with and without PREherbicides. The greatest population of Palmer amaranth was observed whenglyphosate was the only POST herbicide throughout the experiment. Althoughdiuron plus pendimethalin PRE in a program with only glyphosate POSTimproved control during the first 2 yr, these herbicides were ineffective bythe final 2 yr on the basis of weed counts from soil cores. The lowestpopulation of Palmer amaranth was observed when glyphosate plus dicamba wereapplied regardless of PRE herbicides or inclusion of acetochlor POST.Frequency of GR Palmer amaranth was 8% or less when the experiment wasinitiated. Frequency of GR Palmer amaranth varied by herbicide programduring 2012 but was similar among all herbicide programs in 2013 and 2014.Similar frequency of GR Palmer amaranth across all treatments at the end ofthe experiment most likely resulted from pollen movement from Palmeramaranth treated with glyphosate only to any surviving female plantsregardless of PRE or POST treatment. These data suggest that GR Palmeramaranth can be controlled by dicamba and that dicamba is an effectivealternative mode of action to glyphosate in fields where GR Palmer amaranthexists.
In today’s global business environment teams are fast becoming the norm. Collaboration is an essential factor in leveraging team effectiveness, and organizations are looking for strategies to increase collaboration among their teams. In this study, we administered an eSurvey to 308 professionals working in face-to-face and virtual teams to investigate emotional intelligence and strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results as strategies to support the collaborative process. Results found the regression of collaboration on emotional intelligence (controlling for age, ethnicity, and education) was significant (p<.01). Results also found a significant indirect effect between emotional intelligence and collaboration as mediated by strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (β=0.110, Z=2.444). We focus on understanding the effect of emotional intelligence on team collaboration as mediated by strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results. Recommendations are provided for increasing emotional intelligence and strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results among team members. Our research has important implications for teams and their pervasive use in business.
To determine whether multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative organisms are present in Afghanistan or Iraq soil samples, contaminate standard deployed hospital or modular operating rooms (ORs), or aerosolize during surgical procedures.
Active surveillance.
US military hospitals in the United States, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
Soil samples were collected from sites throughout Afghanistan and Iraq and analyzed for presence of MDR bacteria. Environmental sampling of selected newly established modular and deployed OR high-touch surfaces and equipment was performed to determine the presence of bacterial contamination. Gram-negative bacteria aerosolization during OR surgical procedures was determined by microbiological analysis of settle plate growth.
Subsurface soil sample isolates recovered in Afghanistan and Iraq included various pansusceptible members of Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio species, Pseudomonas species, Acinetobacter Iwojfii, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS). OR contamination studies in Afghanistan revealed 1 surface with a Micrococcus luteus. Newly established US-based modular ORs and the colocated fixed-facility ORs revealed no gram-negative bacterial contamination prior to the opening of the modular OR and 5 weeks later. Bacterial aerosolization during surgery in a deployed fixed hospital revealed a mean gram-negative bacteria colony count of 12.8 colony-forming units (CFU)/dm2/h (standard deviation [SD], 17.0) during surgeries and 6.5 CFU/dm2/h (SD, 7.5; P = .14) when the OR was not in use.
This study demonstrates no significant gram-negative bacilli colonization of modular and fixed-facility ORs or dirt and no significant aerosolization of these bacilli during surgical procedures. These results lend additional support to the role of nosocomial transmission of MDR pathogens or the colonization of the patient themselves prior to injury.
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