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2 results

  • Excessive Checking Behavior During an Image Comparison Task in Schizophrenia

  • N. Jaafari, N. Chopin, C. Levy, J.-Y. Rotgé, N. Lafay, W. Hammi, F. Rigalleau, B. Millet, M.-O. Krebs, N. Vibert, for Insight Study Group
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue 2 / February 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, pp. 233-241
  • Background:

    Patients with schizophrenia display significant working memory and executive deficits. In patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), several studies suggest that working memory dysfunction may be one of the causes of compulsive checking behaviors. Hence, this study aimed at assessing whether patients with schizophrenia were impaired on an image comparison task used to measure checking behaviors, and whether the origin and profile of impairment on this task was different between schizophrenia and OCD.

    Methods:

    Eye movement recordings were used to assess the checking behavior of 24 patients with schizophrenia and 24 control participants who had to decide whether two images were different or identical. The verbal and visuo-spatial components of participants’ working memory were measured using the reading span and backward location span tests.

    Results:

    Compared to controls, patients with schizophrenia had reduced working memory spans and showed excessive checking behavior when comparing the two images. However, the intensity of their checking behavior was not significantly related to their working memory deficits.

    Conclusions:

    Several recent studies demonstrated that the excessive checking behaviors displayed by patients with OCD were related to working memory dysfunction. The absence of a relationship between the excessive checking behavior of patients with schizophrenia and their working memory deficits suggests that checking behaviors do not have the same origin in the two disorders.

  • 3 - Principal mineralogic indicators of UHP in crustal rocks

  • Edited by Robert G. Coleman, Stanford University, California, Xiaomin Wang, Stanford University, California
  • Book:
    Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism
    Published online:
    24 October 2009
    Print publication:
    26 May 1995, pp 96-131

  • Summary

    Abstract

    Reviewed are the characteristic mineralogic features that may be used to identify (both on exposure and in alluvial products) rocks bearing ultra-high-pressure (UHP) assemblages, or having undergone UHP. Among the uncommon features of diamond-bearing [crustal?] rocks is the presence of sodium in garnets coexisting with Na-rich clinopyroxene, and of potassium in clinopyroxene. Attention is drawn to zircon as a very safe container of UHP relics, and to microdiamonds and carbonados (and their isotopic properties) as tracers of “diamond-grade” metamorphism. Diamonds themselves, especially microdiamonds from metamorphic rocks, are different from kimberlitic and lamproitic diamonds in both their dominating cubic morphology and their anomalous isotopic composition of carbon depleted in 13C. Caution is urged and some advice given for the identification in thin section of microdiamond and of quartz pseudomorphs after coesite. Uncommon or new minerals found as primary phases in coesite-bearing crustal rocks are bearthite, Ca2Al-(PO4)2OH, an accessory that is also stable at low pressures; ellenbergerite, (Mg, Ti,Zr,□)2Mg6Al6Si2Si6O28(OH)10, a rock-forming mineral showing complete solid solution with an isostructural new Mg-phosphate and so offering the first natural example of a complete silicate-phosphate series (the silicate is stable above 27 kbar and below 750°C, and the phosphate above 10 kbar, so providing geobarometric prospect for the Si-P substitution).