8 results
Insomnia among community members in Florida: Associations with demographics, health conditions, and social support
- Andrea L. Fidler, Piyush Chaudhari, Victoria Sims, Jessica Payne-Murphy, Jonathan Fischer, Linda B. Cottler
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 7 / Issue 1 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 May 2023, e128
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Objectives:
To identify associations between demographics, social determinants of health, health conditions, and reported history of insomnia. A cross-sectional study including 11,960 adult community members recruited through HealthStreet, a community outreach program at University of Florida.
Methods:Health assessments were conducted via interviews. Participants reported their demographic background, level of social support, history of health conditions, and insomnia. Logistic regression was used to understand associations between risk factors and history of insomnia.
Results:The prevalence of self-reported insomnia was 27.3%. Adults aged ≥ 65 years (OR = 1.16) and women (OR = 1.18) reported higher rates of insomnia than their counterparts. Black/African American individuals reported lower rates of insomnia (OR = 0.72) than White individuals. Individuals with food insecurity (OR = 1.53), a military history (OR = 1.30), lower social support (OR = 1.24), living alone (OR = 1.14), anxiety (OR = 2.33), cardiometabolic disease (OR = 1.58), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR = 1.44) were significantly more likely to endorse insomnia compared with their counterparts. Depression (OR = 2.57) had the strongest association with insomnia.
Conclusions:This study provides evidence regarding who is at greater risk for insomnia among a large community-based sample. Our findings highlight the importance of screening for insomnia, particularly among patients who experience food insecurity, are military veterans, have anxiety, depression, ADHD, or cardiometabolic disease, as well as those who live alone or have lower levels of social support. Future public health campaigns should provide education on insomnia symptoms, treatments, and evidenced-based sleep-promotion strategies.
160 Sustaining community engagement during COVID-19: High stress and loneliness reported
- Catherine Woodstock Striley, Deepthi S. Varma, Piyush V. Chaudhari, Linda B. Cottler
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 6 / Issue s1 / April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2022, p. 17
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: COVID-19 has taken a big toll on health, mental health and community well-being. COVID-19 has also presented unique opportunities for community engagement programs to sustain their work within communities. Low-tech methods of engagement might provide opportunities for success. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: When we could not be in the field due to COVID-19, we recontacted our 12.4k HealthStreet members by phone and in 12 months successfully contacted 3.2k. By contrast, over the two COVID affected years (2019 & 2020), our in-person recruitment efforts in the community fell to 832 from 1817 in the two prior years (2017 & 2018). Reconnecting with existing members is an important aspect of sustainable community engagement. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: While 8/10 of the 3.2 K sample had internet access in their homes, 9/10 said having it was somewhat to very important. Importantly, 1 in 3 people who had additional needs or suggestions were looking for better COVID-19 knowledge or ways to reduce the threat of illness, 1 in 4 wanted resources; and 1 in 5 encouraged us to keep doing what we were doing. Among recontacted members, 30.2% indicated a high stress level (8 & over on a 10 point scale) while 15.2% reported a high level of loneliness (8 & over on a 10 point scale). High stress was significantly more likely among those identifying as African American (23.1%) compared to non-African American (16.6%). Loneliness did not vary (10.1% among both). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Sustainable community engagement was important to reach community members during the pandemic, especially given the high rates of stress and loneliness among members contacted. In-person connections were reduced, but phone contact provided an opportunity for successful engagement.
44191 As Food Insecurity Worsens During COVID-19, Negative Mental Health Impact on Community Members Increases
- Catherine Striley, Piyush Chaudhari, Deepthi Varma, Linda Cottler
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 5 / Issue s1 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 March 2021, p. 144
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: For community engagement to be impactful and reduce health inequity, it needs to address timely needs in the community, including COVID-19 impacts. Here, we describe how pre- and post-COVID-19 food insecurity worsened mental health among community members served by HealthStreet University of Florida community engagement program. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: COVID-19 impacts the economic vitality and the mental health of communities; research and engagement activities must consider the context in which we are practicing and the needs of our community members. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: HealthStreet, the University of Florida community engagement program, sends Community Health Workers (CHWs) where people congregate to assess social determinants of health and medical histories, used to make referrals to services and research opportunities. CHWs conducted follow-up COVID-19 assessments measuring perceived stress, loneliness, depression, anxiety, binge drinking, and opioid use, as well as high blood pressure and food insecurity. Here, we consider mental health outcomes among 1,300 adults who reported being food insecure either at some time in the past 12 months at baseline, or at the COVID-19 follow-up assessment, and completed both. Chi-Square Test was used to determine p-values. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Overall, at the COVID-19 follow-up assessment, 37.1% (of 1,300) were still food insecure during COVID-19 (same), 20.3% (had become food insecure during COVID-19 (worse) and 42.6% were no longer food insecure (better). Those who were no longer food insecure were more likely to report less stress, while those still food insecure were more likely to report the highest stress and loneliness (p<0.0001), while the worse off group was in the middle. Those who stayed food insecure were most likely to report depression and anxiety, and also high blood pressure and using opioids (p<.05) compared to those getting worse or better. Binge drinking behavior was not significantly different across groups. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Community engagement activities across CTSIs must be sensitive to the needs of their communities. HealthStreet findings show that new and continuing food insecurity negatively influence mental health problems, pointing to the need for engagement to address multiple problems.
The centre-mode instability of viscoelastic plane Poiseuille flow
- Mohammad Khalid, Indresh Chaudhary, Piyush Garg, V. Shankar, Ganesh Subramanian
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 915 / 25 May 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 March 2021, A43
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A modal stability analysis shows that plane Poiseuille flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid becomes unstable to a ‘centre mode’ with phase speed close to the maximum base-flow velocity, $U_{max}$. The governing dimensionless groups are the Reynolds number $Re = \rho U_{max} H/\eta$, the elasticity number $E = \lambda \eta /(H^2 \rho )$ and the ratio of solvent to solution viscosity $\beta = \eta _s/\eta$; here, $\lambda$ is the polymer relaxation time, $H$ is the channel half-width and $\rho$ is the fluid density. For experimentally relevant values (e.g. $E \sim 0.1$ and $\beta \sim 0.9$), the critical Reynolds number, $Re_c$, is around $200$, with the associated eigenmodes being spread out across the channel. For $E(1-\beta ) \ll 1$, with $E$ fixed, corresponding to strongly elastic dilute polymer solutions, $Re_c \propto (E(1-\beta ))^{-3/2}$ and the critical wavenumber $k_c \propto (E(1-\beta ))^{-1/2}$. The unstable eigenmode in this limit is confined in a thin layer near the channel centreline. These features are largely analogous to the centre-mode instability in viscoelastic pipe flow (Garg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 121, 2018, 024502), and suggest a universal linear mechanism underlying the onset of turbulence in both channel and pipe flows of sufficiently elastic dilute polymer solutions. Although the centre-mode instability continues down to $\beta \sim 10^{-2}$ for pipe flow, it ceases to exist for $\beta < 0.5$ in channels. Whereas inertia, elasticity and solvent viscous effects are simultaneously required for this instability, a higher viscous threshold is required for channel flow. Further, in the opposite limit of $\beta \rightarrow 1$, the centre-mode instability in channel flow continues to exist at $Re \approx 5$, again in contrast to pipe flow where the instability ceases to exist below $Re \approx 63$, regardless of $E$ or $\beta$. Our predictions are in reasonable agreement with experimental observations for the onset of turbulence in the flow of polymer solutions through microchannels.
Linear instability of viscoelastic pipe flow
- Indresh Chaudhary, Piyush Garg, Ganesh Subramanian, V. Shankar
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 908 / 10 February 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 December 2020, A11
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A modal stability analysis shows that pressure-driven pipe flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid is linearly unstable to axisymmetric perturbations, in stark contrast to its Newtonian counterpart which is linearly stable at all Reynolds numbers. The dimensionless groups that govern stability are the Reynolds number $Re = \rho U_{max} R /\eta$, the elasticity number $E = \lambda \eta /(R^2 \rho )$ and the ratio of solvent to solution viscosity $\beta = \eta _s/\eta$; here, $R$ is the pipe radius, $U_{max}$ is the maximum velocity of the base flow, $\rho$ is the fluid density and $\lambda$ is the microstructural relaxation time. The unstable mode has a phase speed close to $U_{max}$ over the entire unstable region in ($Re$, $E$, $\beta$) space. In the asymptotic limit $E (1-\beta ) \ll 1$, the critical Reynolds number for instability diverges as $Re_c \sim (E (1-\beta ))^{-3/2}$, the critical wavenumber increases as $k_c \sim (E (1-\beta ))^{-1/2}$, and the unstable eigenfunction is localized near the centreline, implying that the unstable mode belongs to a class of viscoelastic centre modes. In contrast, for $\beta \rightarrow 1$ and $E \sim 0.1$, $Re_c$ can be as low as $O(100)$, with the unstable eigenfunction no longer being localized near the centreline. Unlike the Newtonian transition which is dominated by nonlinear processes, the linear instability discussed in this study could be very relevant to the onset of turbulence in viscoelastic pipe flows. The prediction of a linear instability is, in fact, consistent with several experimental studies on pipe flow of polymer solutions, ranging from reports of ‘early turbulence’ in the 1970s to the more recent discovery of ‘elasto-inertial turbulence’ (Samanta et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 110, 2013, pp. 10557–10562). The instability identified in this study comprehensively dispels the prevailing notion of pipe flow of viscoelastic fluids being linearly stable in the $Re$–$W$ plane ($W = Re \, E$ being the Weissenberg number), marking a possible paradigm shift in our understanding of transition in rectilinear viscoelastic shearing flows. The predicted unstable eigenfunction should form a template in the search for novel nonlinear elasto-inertial states, and could provide an alternate route to the maximal drag-reduced state in polymer solutions. The latter has thus far been explained in terms of a viscoelastic modification of the nonlinear Newtonian coherent structures.
Elasto-inertial wall mode instabilities in viscoelastic plane Poiseuille flow
- Indresh Chaudhary, Piyush Garg, V. Shankar, Ganesh Subramanian
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 881 / 25 December 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 October 2019, pp. 119-163
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A linear stability analysis of plane Poiseuille flow of an upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid, bounded between rigid plates separated by a distance $2L$, has been carried out to investigate the interplay of elasticity and inertia on flow stability. The stability is governed by the following dimensionless groups: the Reynolds number $Re=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}U_{max}L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ and the elasticity number $E\equiv W/Re=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}L^{2})$, where $W=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}U_{max}/L$ is the Weissenberg number. Here, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$ is the fluid density, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ is the fluid viscosity, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ is the micro-structural relaxation time and $U_{max}$ is the maximum base-flow velocity. The stability is analysed for two-dimensional perturbations using both pseudo-spectral and shooting methods. We also analyse the linear stability of plane Couette flow which, along with the results for plane Poiseuille flow, yields insight into the structure of the complete elasto-inertial eigenspectrum. While the general features of the spectrum for both flows remain similar, plane Couette flow is found to be stable over the range of parameters examined ($Re\leqslant 10^{4},E\leqslant 0.01$). On the other hand, plane Poiseuille flow appears to be susceptible to an infinite hierarchy of elasto-inertial instabilities. Over the range of parameters examined, there are up to seven distinct neutral stability curves in the $Re$–$k$ plane (here $k$ is the perturbation wavenumber in the flow direction). Based on the symmetry of the eigenfunctions for the streamwise velocity about the centreline, four of these instabilities are antisymmetric, while the other three are symmetric. The neutral stability curve corresponding to the first antisymmetric mode is shown to be a continuation (to finite $E$) of the Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) instability already present for Newtonian channel flow. As $E$ is increased beyond $0.0016$, a new elastic mode appears at $Re\sim 10^{4}$, which coalesces with the continuation of the TS mode for a range of $Re$, thereby yielding a single unstable mode in this range. This trend persists until $E\sim 0.0021$, beyond which this neutral curve splits into two separate ones in the $Re$–$k$ plane. The new elastic mode which arises out of this splitting has been found to be the most unstable, with the lowest critical Reynolds number $Re_{c}\approx 1210.9$ for $E=0.0066$. The neutral curves for both the continuation of the original TS mode, and the new elastic antisymmetric mode, form closed loops upon further increase in $E$, which eventually vanish at sufficiently high $E$. For $E\ll 1$, the critical Reynolds number and wavenumber scale as $Re_{c}\sim E^{-1}$ and $k_{c}\sim E^{-1/2}$ for the first two of the symmetric modal families, and as $Re_{c}\sim E^{-5/4}$ for first two of the antisymmetric modal families; $k_{c}\sim E^{-1/4}$ for the third antisymmetric family. The critical wave speed for all of these unstable eigenmodes scales as $c_{r,c}\sim E^{1/2}$ for $E\ll 1$, implying that the modes belong to a class of ‘wall modes’ in viscoelastic flows with disturbances being confined in a thin region near the wall. The present study shows that, surprisingly, even in plane shear flows, elasticity acting along with inertia can drive novel instabilities absent in the Newtonian limit.
3418 Service referral follow up rate among participants of a community engagement initiative in Florida
- Deepthi S Varma, Piyush V Chaudhari, Krishna Vaddiparti, Catherine Woodstock Striley, Linda B. Cottler
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 3 / Issue s1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2019, p. 94
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To examine the rate of medical and social service referral utilization among community members who are enrolled in HealthStreet - a community engagement initiative at University of Florida. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: HealthStreet utilizes the CHW model to conduct health needs assessment, provide referrals to medical and social services and link them to health research at UF. Across two follow-up schedules, these participants are contacted to assess their rate of referral utilization. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From October 2011-October 2018, HealthStreet completed 10,829 health needs assessments and provided a total of 15,723 medical and/or social service referrals with an average of 1.48 referrals per person. About a third of people completed first and second follow-up respectively (n=3,461; 32.0% and n=3,477; 32.1%), and another third (n=3,891; 35.9%) completed neither. The total number of follow up attempts was 40,863, with an average of 3.85 attempts per person. The overall service utilization rate was 17.02%. The top barriers to utilization included, could not schedule an appointment (26.3%), busy on the date of appointment (21.9%), transportation (9.4%), and already received the service from elsewhere (4.7%). Others (28.3%) did not identify a specific barrier for non-utilization. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Findings show that those who need services are still hampered by barriers to care that CHWs and other service providers could help them overcome. Facilitating the appointment and providing transportation would assist over a third of those needing services.
Contributors
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- By Basem Abdelmalak, Joseph Abdelmalak, Alaa A. Abd-Elsayed, David L. Adams, Eric E. Adelman, Maged Argalious, Endrit Bala, Gene H. Barnett, Sheron Beltran, Andrew Bielaczyc, William Bingaman, James M. Blum, Alina Bodas, Vera Borzova, Richard Bowers, Adam Brown, Chad M. Brummett, Alexandra S. Bullough, James F. Burke, Juan P. Cata, Neeraj Chaudhary, Michael J. Claybon, Miguel Cruz, Milind Deogaonkar, Vikram Dhawan, Thomas Didier, D. John Doyle, Zeyd Ebrahim, Hesham Elsharkawy, Wael Ali Sakr Esa, Ehab Farag, Ryen D. Fons, Joseph J. Gemmete, Matt Giles, Phil Gillen, Goodarz Golmirzaie, Marcos Gomes, Lisa Grilly, Maged Guirguis, David W. Healy, Heather Hervey-Jumper, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, Paul E. Hilliard, Samuel A. Irefin, George K. Istaphanous, Teresa L. Jacobs, Ellen Janke, Greta Jo, James W. Jones, Rami Karroum, Allen Keebler, Stephen J. Kimatian, Colleen G. Koch, Robert Scott Kriss, Andrea Kurz, Jia Lin, Michael D. Maile, Negmeldeen F. Mamoun, Mariel Manlapaz, Edward Manno, Donn Marciniak, Piyush Mathur, Nicholas F. Marko, Matthew Martin, George A. Mashour, Marco Maurtua, Scott T. McCardle, Julie McClelland, Uma Menon, Paul S. Moor, Laurel E. Moore, Ruairi Moulding, Dileep R. Nair, Todd Nelson, Julie Niezgoda, Edward Noguera, Jerome O’Hara, Aditya S. Pandey, Mauricio Perilla, Paul Picton, Marc J. Popovich, J. Javier Provencio, Venkatakrishna Rajajee, Mohit Rastogi, Stacy Ritzman, Lauryn R. Rochlen, Leif Saager, Vivek Sabharwal, Oren Sagher, Kenneth Saliba, Milad Sharifpour, Lesli E. Skolarus, Paul Smythe, Wolf H. Stapelfeldt, William R. Stetler, Peter Stiles, Vijay Tarnal, Khoi D. Than, B. Gregory Thompson, Alparslan Turan, Christopher R. Turner, Justin Upp, Sumeet Vadera, Jennifer Vance, Anthony C. Wang, Robert J. Weil, Marnie B. Welch, Karen K. Wilkins, Erin S. Williams, George N. Youssef, Asma Zakaria, Sherif S. Zaky, Andrew Zura
- Edited by George A. Mashour, Ehab Farag
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- Book:
- Case Studies in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care
- Published online:
- 03 May 2011
- Print publication:
- 03 February 2011, pp x-xvi
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