The crimean peninsula has been occupied by many races, nationalities, and religious groups in the course of history. In 114 B.C. it was placed under the protection of Mithridates, King of Pontus, who is supposed to have settled Jewish colonists from Asia Minor there. From inscriptions it is known that Hellenized Jews lived there as early as the first century A.D.
Gradually the settlements of the Crimea came under the political and cultural influence of Byzantium. The Khazars established themselves in large numbers in the Eastern Crimea in the vicinity of the straits of Kerch. The conversion of the Khazar royal house and part of the nobility to Judaism (about 740) disposed them to be friendly toward their co-religionists who sought shelter from Byzantine oppression in those regions of the Crimea which were controlled by the Khazars.