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  • The United Nations of IR: power, knowledge, and empire in Global IR debates

  • Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Murray, Ayşe Zarakol
  • Journal:
    International Theory / Volume 15 / Issue 3 / November 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 November 2023, pp. 445-461
    • Article
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  • This paper critiques a core premise of Global IR: the association of knowledge with geography, which we term geo-epistemology. It argues that ‘American’ and Global IR share a Eurocentric spatial imaginary, one that was a product of Western expansion and empire. Through its geo-epistemology, Global IR enables a conservative appropriation of the critique of Eurocentrism in IR. Globality becomes a matter of assembling sufficient geographic representation rather than an analysis of the discipline's political, historical, and spatial assumptions. Anglo-American policymakers and intellectuals invented the national/international world to replace the world of empires and races that came apart in the era of the world wars. This UN world of sovereign nation-states and their regional groupings was the foundational move of both what Stanley Hoffman called ‘the American social science’ – IR – and the American-centred world order. The paper uses the reception and legacy of Hoffman's classic essay to show how culture replaced power and history in the study of the discipline, obfuscating the Eurocentrism of Global IR.

  • From law to history: The politics of war and empire

  • TARAK BARKAWI
  • Journal:
    Global Constitutionalism / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / November 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 November 2018, pp. 315-329

  • The Internationalists argues that the outlawry of war in 1928 created the modern international order. This review essay critiques this single-cause account of world history. It shows how The Internationalists relies on statistics that obfuscate the character of war and on a juridical model of international politics that makes liberal empire invisible. I argue that war making by Asian and African peasants played more of a role in bringing about decolonisation than peacemaking by Western lawyers.

Soldiers of Empire
  • Indian and British Armies in World War II
  • Tarak Barkawi
  • Published online:
    29 June 2017
    Print publication:
    27 May 2017
  • How are soldiers made? Why do they fight? Re-imagining the study of armed forces and society, Barkawi examines the imperial and multinational armies that fought in Asia in the Second World War, especially the British Indian army in the Burma campaign. Going beyond conventional narratives, Barkawi studies soldiers in transnational context, from recruitment and training to combat and memory. Drawing on history, sociology and anthropology, the book critiques the 'Western way of war' from a postcolonial perspective. Barkawi reconceives soldiers as cosmopolitan, their battles irreducible to the national histories that monopolise them. This book will appeal to those interested in the Second World War, armed forces and the British Empire, and students and scholars of military sociology and history, South Asian studies and international relations.

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