The partnership controlled by the Castracani family ranked among the foremost international banking organizations of late thirteenth-century Lucca. Members of the Castracani family first appear in the Lucchese notarial documents of about 1250 as money-changers, campsores. In succeeding generations they became increasingly identified with large-scale, international banking and finance. Thus, apart from the interest attaching to the family that produced Castruccio Castracani, lord of Lucca and would-be master of Tuscany, the history of the Castracani family's enterprises serves to illucidate the conduct, methods and organizations of early banking in Lucca, one of the major industrial and commercial centers of mediaeval Europe.