24 results
Understandings and Experiences of Bullying: Impact on Students on the Autism Spectrum*
- Beth Saggers, Marilyn Campbell, Julie Dillon-Wallace, Jill Ashburner, Yoon-Suk Hwang, Suzanne Carrington, Megan Tones
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- Journal:
- Australasian Journal of Special Education / Volume 41 / Issue 2 / December 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 September 2017, pp. 123-140
- Print publication:
- December 2017
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In this qualitative study, we explored the perspectives of 10 adolescents with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their experiences of bullying. Through individual semistructured interviews, they were asked to describe their understandings and experiences of bullying. Details of their experiences are described as well as the perceived impact on the students and their schooling. Data analysis revealed a number of common experiences including high rates of traditional bullying and more specifically verbal bullying, with fewer incidents of cyberbullying reported. In support of literature in the area, the results of the study indicate that bullying can be a significant inhibitor, which may prevent students with ASD from taking full advantage of their schooling. Listening to and reflecting on the voices and personal stories of adolescent students with ASD is critically important for developing more supportive approaches to their education and needs. The reports of bullying by students on the autism spectrum emphasises the need for more effective interventions and management strategies to be implemented in a whole-school approach as well as targeted strategies to prevent bullying experiences for this particular population of students.
Bullying Prevalence in Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder*
- Marilyn Campbell, Yoon-Suk Hwang, Chrystal Whiteford, Julie Dillon-Wallace, Jill Ashburner, Beth Saggers, Suzanne Carrington
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- Journal:
- Australasian Journal of Special Education / Volume 41 / Issue 2 / December 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 August 2017, pp. 101-122
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- December 2017
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All forms of bullying, physical, verbal, social, and cyber, are prevalent among youth worldwide. An especially vulnerable population for involvement in bullying is students with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although there are some studies that have investigated bullying in these students, many of these are beset by methodological issues. We surveyed 104 students with ASD on their bullying experiences in all 4 forms of bullying and examined their roles as victim, perpetrator, and bully-victim, comparing them with a group of typically developing students matched for age and gender. It was found that students with ASD reported significantly more traditional victimisation (physical, verbal, and social) than their typically developing peers. Cyberbullying victimisation was similar for the 2 groups. There were no differences between the groups on traditional bullying perpetration; however, typically developing students reported more cyberbullying perpetration behaviours. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
What Explains the Incidence of the Use of a Common Sediment Control on Lots with Houses Under Construction?
- Scott R. Templeton, William T. Sessions, Liv M. Haselbach, Wallace A. Campbell, John C. Hayes
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- Journal:
- Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 42 / Issue 1 / February 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 January 2015, pp. 57-68
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To analyze compliance with one aspect of the regulation of stormwater discharge, we estimate a random-utility model of the probability that a builder uses a silt fence to control sediments on a lot with a house under construction in an urbanizing county of South Carolina. The probability increases if the builder is responsible to the subdivision's developer or if a homeowners association exists. The probability also increases as the cost to install a silt fence decreases or the number of houses under construction per built house in a subdivision increases. The results can help county officials target inspection to improve compliance.
Vitamin D in pregnancy at high latitude in Scotland†
- Paul Haggarty, Doris M. Campbell, Susan Knox, Graham W. Horgan, Gwen Hoad, Emma Boulton, Geraldine McNeill, Alan M. Wallace
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 109 / Issue 5 / 14 March 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 July 2012, pp. 898-905
- Print publication:
- 14 March 2013
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The aims of the present study were to determine compliance with current advice on vitamin D and to assess the influence of season, dietary intake, supplement use and deprivation on vitamin D status in pregnant mothers and newborns in the north of Scotland where sunlight exposure is low. Pregnant women (n 1205) and their singleton newborns were studied in the Aberdeen Maternity Hospital (latitude 57°N) between 2000 and 2006. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were measured at 19 weeks of gestation in mothers and at delivery in newborns. During pregnancy, 21·0 (95 % CI 18·5, 23·5) % of women took vitamin D supplements. The median intake was 5 μg/d and only 0·6 (95 % CI 0·1, 1·0) % took the recommended 10 μg/d. Supplement use, adjusted for season, dietary intake and deprivation, significantly increased maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by 10·5 (95 % CI 5·7, 15·2) nmol/l (P< 0·001); however, there was no significant effect on cord 25(OH)D (1·4 (95 % CI − 1·8, 4·5) nmol/l). The biggest influence on both maternal and cord 25(OH)D was season of birth (P< 0·001). Compared with the least deprived women (top three deciles), the most deprived pregnancies (bottom three deciles) were characterised by a significantly lower seasonally adjusted 25(OH)D ( − 11·6 (95 % CI − 7·5, − 15·7) nmol/l in the mother and − 5·8 (95 % CI − 2·3, − 9·4) nmol/l in the cord), and a lower level of supplement use (10 (95 % CI 4, 17) v. 23 (95 % CI 20, 26) %). More should be done to promote vitamin D supplement use in pregnancy but the critical importance of endogenous vitamin D synthesis, and known adaptations of fat metabolism specific to pregnancy, suggest that safe sun advice may be a useful additional strategy, even at high latitude.
Two Corpora Lutea Seen at 6–13 Weeks' Gestation Infers Dizygosity Among Spontaneous Same-Sexed Dichorionic Twins
- Jean Woo, Stephen Tong, Megan J. Campbell, Leanne Wallace, Simon Meagher, Grant W. Montgomery, Fay Chao, Weng Chan, Beverley Vollenhoven
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 12 / Issue 2 / 01 April 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2012, pp. 180-182
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Current ultrasound techniques can accurately determine the chorionicity of twins, but not zygosity. We previously proposed that the zygosity of spontaneously conceived twins can be determined at early ultrasound, where 2 corpora lutea infers dizygosity, and 1 implies monozygosity. Here we did a case series, comparing zygosity predicted using this method with definitive DNA genotyping of twins after birth. We retrospectively identified 14 ultrasound reports of spontaneous twin pregnancies at 6(+0 days) to 13+6 weeks' gestation, where both ovaries were seen and the number of corpora lutea documented. We visited all twin pairs, obtained buccal smears, and determined zygosity by genotyping 9 independent microsatellite markers. All 8 cases where 2 corpora lutea were seen were dizygotic pregnancies. One further case where 3 corpora lutea were seen was also dizygotic. All 3 sets of monozygotic twins had 1 corpus luteum. There were 2 cases incorrectly assigned, where 1 corpus luteum was seen in dizygotic pregnancies. We conclude if 2 corpora lutea are seen at a first trimester ultrasound of spontaneously conceived dichorionic twins, they appear to be almost certainly dizygotic. However, if 1 corpus luteum is seen in dichorionic twins, zygosity cannot be determined with certainty since it is either monozygotic, or dizygotic where a second corpus luteum has been missed.
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- By Waiel Almoustadi, Brian J. Anderson, David B. Auyong, Michael Avidan, Michael J. Avram, Roland J. Bainton, Jeffrey R. Balser, Juliana Barr, W. Scott Beattie, Manfred Blobner, T. Andrew Bowdle, Walter A. Boyle, Eugene B. Campbell, Laura F. Cavallone, Mario Cibelli, C. Michael Crowder, Ola Dale, M. Frances Davies, Mark Dershwitz, George Despotis, Clifford S. Deutschman, Brian S. Donahue, Marcel E. Durieux, Thomas J. Ebert, Talmage D. Egan, Helge Eilers, E. Wesley Ely, Charles W. Emala, Alex S. Evers, Heidrun Fink, Pierre Foëx, Stuart A. Forman, Helen F. Galley, Josephine M. Garcia-Ferrer, Robert W. Gereau, Tony Gin, David Glick, B. Joseph Guglielmo, Dhanesh K. Gupta, Howard B. Gutstein, Robert G. Hahn, Greg B. Hammer, Brian P. Head, Helen Higham, Laureen Hill, Kirk Hogan, Charles W. Hogue, Christopher G. Hughes, Eric Jacobsohn, Roger A. Johns, Dean R. Jones, Max Kelz, Evan D. Kharasch, Ellen W. King, W. Andrew Kofke, Tom C. Krejcie, Richard M. Langford, H. T. Lee, Isobel Lever, Jerrold H. Levy, J. Lance Lichtor, Larry Lindenbaum, Hung Pin Liu, Geoff Lockwood, Alex Macario, Conan MacDougall, M. B. MacIver, Aman Mahajan, Nándor Marczin, J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, George A. Mashour, Mervyn Maze, Thomas McDowell, Stuart McGrane, Berend Mets, Patrick Meybohm, Charles F. Minto, Jonathan Moss, Mohamed Naguib, Istvan Nagy, Nick Oliver, Paul S. Pagel, Pratik P. Pandharipande, Piyush Patel, Andrew J. Patterson, Robert A. Pearce, Ronald G. Pearl, Misha Perouansky, Kristof Racz, Chinniampalayam Rajamohan, Nilesh Randive, Imre Redai, Stephen Robinson, Richard W. Rosenquist, Carl E. Rosow, Uwe Rudolph, Francis V. Salinas, Robert D. Sanders, Sunita Sastry, Michael Schäfer, Jens Scholz, Thomas W. Schnider, Mark A. Schumacher, John W. Sear, Frédérique S. Servin, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Tom De Smet, Martin Smith, Joe Henry Steinbach, Markus Steinfath, David F. Stowe, Gary R. Strichartz, Michel M. R. F. Struys, Isao Tsuneyoshi, Robert A. Veselis, Arthur Wallace, Robert P. Walt, David C. Warltier, Nigel R. Webster, Jeanine Wiener-Kronish, Troy Wildes, Paul Wischmeyer, Ling-Gang Wu, Stephen Yang
- Edited by Alex S. Evers, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mervyn Maze, University of California, San Francisco, Evan D. Kharasch, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis
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- Book:
- Anesthetic Pharmacology
- Published online:
- 11 April 2011
- Print publication:
- 10 March 2011, pp viii-xiv
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Ragnar Asplund, Michel Billiard, Theresa M. Buckley, Rohit Budhiraja, Robert N. Butler, Daniel J. Buysse, Scott S. Campbell, Daniel P. Cardinali, Julie Carrier, Cynthia L. Comella, Jana R. Cooke, Pietro Cortelli, Agnès Demazieres, Glenna A. Dowling, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Philip R. Gehrman, Nalaka Sudheera Gooneratne, David S. Hallegua, Patrick J. Hanly, David G. Harper, Orla P. Hornung, Magdolna Hornyak, Michal Karasek, Milton Kramer, Andrew D. Krystal, Malcolm H. Lader, Rachel Leproult, Kenneth L. Lichstein, Andrea H.S. Loewen, Rémy Luthringer, Laurin J. Mack, Evelyn Mai, Atul Malhotra, Jennifer L. Martin, Judy Mastick, Monique A.J. Mets, Andrew A. Monjan, Timothy H. Monk, Daniel Monti, Jaime M. Monti, Patricia J. Murphy, C. Ineke Neutel, Eric A. Nofzinger, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Scott B. Patton, Donald B. Penzien, Max H. Pittler, Giora Pillar, Marc J. Poulin, Louis J. Ptácek, Stuart F. Quan, Jeanetta C. Rains, Megan E. Ruiter, Bruce D. Rybarczyk, Colin M. Shapiro, Vijay Kumar Sharma, D. Warren Spence, Kai Spiegelhalder, Luc Staner, Stephanie A. Studenski, Nikola N. Trajanovic, Eve Van Cauter, Gregory S. Vander Wal, Joris C. Verster, Aleksandar Videnovic, Matthew P. Walker, Daniel J. Wallace, David K. Welsh, David P. White, Barbara Wider, Theresa B. Young, Stefano Zanigni
- Edited by S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Jaime M. Monti, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Andrew A. Monjan, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
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- Principles and Practice of Geriatric Sleep Medicine
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- 04 August 2010
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- 26 November 2009, pp ix-xii
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12 - Demography and group composition of Ateles
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- By Yukiko Shimooka, Laboratory of Human Evolution, Department of Zoology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Christina J. Campbell, Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA, Anthony Di Fiore, Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA, Annika M. Felton, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Kosei Izawa, Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yamanashi, 409–0193, Japan, Andres Link, Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA, Akisato Nishimura, Biological Laboratory, Science and Engineering Research Institute, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 602-8580, Japan, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, México, Robert B. Wallace, Wildlife Conservation Society – Bolivia, San Miguel, La Paz, Bolivia
- Edited by Christina J. Campbell, California State University, Northridge
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- Spider Monkeys
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- 05 May 2010
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- 25 September 2008, pp 329-348
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Summary
Introduction
Spider monkeys are distributed widely throughout Central and South America and studies have been conducted at a variety of sites across the geographic range of the genus (see Table 1.1 in Campbell, this volume). However, detailed information about group composition and demography of spider monkeys remains largely unavailable. Because their fission–fusion social organization allows researchers to observe only a part of a group at any time, short-term surveys can rarely document overall group size and composition. Only a cumulative data set of party composition based on individual identification and longitudinal research can help determine the full composition of a group. Furthermore, the rarity of births and deaths make other demographic variables such as interbirth intervals only available through long-term investigation. In the 1980s, relevant demographic information from wild populations was available only for seven groups from five sites for three Ateles species. In this chapter, we present an updated summary of existing data on four Ateles species from 18 groups and 13 sites. We analyze both previously published and new data from these sites and compare them in order to re-examine the demographic characteristics of spider monkey groups.
Methods
Demographic data from 18 groups and 13 sites (Table 12.1) were gathered from the literature and augmented with data from a questionnaire sent to spider monkey researchers in 2005.
3 - Solar–terrestrial activity
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 05 June 2012
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- 10 April 2003, pp 111-188
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Summary
Introduction
When the phrase solar–terrestrial activity is used, the intent is to describe those changes of energetic particles and electromagnetic fields that originate at the Sun, travel to the Earth's magnetosphere, and have drastic effects upon the Earth's atmosphere and geomagnetic field. The activity is on time scales that are short in the human perception of events. The Sun is said to be “active” when the magnitude of such changes is distinguishably large with respect to the average behavior over tens of years. A specific region or process on the Sun is said to be an active source region when a particle or field disturbance in the Earth's magnetosphere can be traced to some special change in that region of the Sun. The vagueness in these definitions should disappear as we become more specific in the description of such phenomena as sunspots, flares, coronal holes, coronal mass ejections, solar wind, geomagnetic storms, ionospheric disturbances, auroras, and substorm processes.
We call the moving plasma of ionized particles and associated magnetic fields that are expanding outward from the Sun the solar wind. Its associated field is the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The wind exists out past 150 times the Sun–Earth distance because the pressure of the interstellar medium is insufficient to confine the energetic particles coming from the hot solar corona. We call this solar-wind dominated region the heliosphere.
Outer space is filled with particles and fields originating from the formation of the universe and from stars.
Appendix B - Geomagnetic organizations, services, and bibliography
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 05 June 2012
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- 10 April 2003, pp 296-314
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Summary
International Unions and Programs
The following quotation was taken, with permission, from The National Geomagnetic Initiative copyright 1993 by the National Academy of Sciences, courtesy of the National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Revisions of this quoted material have been provided by J.H. Allen in order to modernize the statement to year 2002.
The study of the Earth is intrinsically global. This was recognized by geologists, geodeticists, and geophysicists in the nineteenth century. During the past hundred years, the need for global collaboration in geosciences has become axiomatic; many mechanisms have been developed to encourage international cooperation in Earth sciences. Much international cooperation in science takes place under the non-governmental International Council for Science (ICSU).
By the latter part of the nineteenth century, international expeditions and exchange of datawere common in the geosciences. This led to the development of international mechanisms for ongoing cooperation in geophysical and geological sciences. Seismic and magnetic observatories were being established worldwide. These de facto global networks of magnetic and seismic observatories led to international agreements on measurement standards and data exchange. These international activities led to the formation of an international organization that was the predecessor to the modern International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). The objectives of IUGG are the promotion and coordination of physical, chemical, and mathematical studies of the Earth and geospace environment. IUGG now consists of seven essentially autonomous associations: one of these, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA), is principally concerned with geomagnetism.
Preface
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 05 June 2012
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- 10 April 2003, pp ix-xi
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Summary
This second edition of Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields has been redesigned as a classroom textbook for a semester course in geomagnetism. Student exercises have been added at the end of each chapter. Outdated figures and tables are replaced with more modern equivalents. Recent discoveries, field information, and references have been added along with special websites and computer programs. The basic structure of the original edition remains, providing a condensed and more readable coverage of geomagnetic topics than is afforded by existing textbooks.
My intention has been to focus upon the basic concepts and physical processes necessary for understanding the Earth's natural magnetic fields. When mathematical presentation is required, I have tried to remove the mystery of the scientists' special jargon and to emphasize the meanings of important equations, rather than obscure the relationships with complex formulas. Because some formulas are needed to appreciate geomagnetism, I have included, in an appendix, a succinct review of the required mathematical definitions and facts. For those readers who are approaching the subject of Earth magnetic fields for the very first time it may be helpful to start with the small layman's presentation, devoid of all mathematical equations, that I provided as Earth Magnetism: A Guided Tour Through Magnetic Fields, Academic Press, San Diego, 151 pp, 2001.
The student reader is expected to have a familiarity with the elementary scientific concepts identified by words of specific meaning, such as “force, velocity, energy, temperature, heat, charge, light waves, and fields of electric, magnetic, and gravitational nature”.
Index
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 10 April 2003, pp 332-337
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4 - Measurement methods
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 05 June 2012
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- 10 April 2003, pp 189-227
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Summary
Introduction
Man has no obvious sensation of the presence or change of the Earth's magnetic field such as he does for the sensation of rain, wind, or earthquakes. He must rely upon the field's interaction in other physical processes to produce measurable effects. In this chapter we will look at some methods of providing such geomagnetic information.
From a physicist's viewpoint the geomagnetic field we wish to measure has some interesting singular characteristics. It is ever-present; we must take deliberate action to create any required field-free environments. Because of the great spatial extent of the field with respect to available sensor dimensions, only single-point measurements are typically obtained. The natural field is constantly changing and cannot be stopped at will by the experimenter. A conglomeration of Earth-core, magnetospheric, ionospheric, and induced currents all contribute to the simple measurement of a geomagnetic field magnitude and direction at each instant of time; occasionally, special frequency-analysis techniques allow us to identify some of these contributing sources.
The Earth's field changes are not easily stoppered in a bottle and brought to the laboratory for testing like a paleomagnetic rock sample. Those who want the measurement usually must move to a sampling spot that they have selected with care in order to minimize unwanted “noise” and to indicate special upper-atmosphere or deep-Earth characteristics. Everywhere at the Earth's surface, the “steady” field (i.e., slowly varying with respect to the spectral components at active times) is quite strong compared to the relatively infinitesimal fields of rapid (micro) pulsations.
Contents
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 05 June 2012
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- 10 April 2003, pp v-viii
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Appendix A - Mathematical topics
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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Summary
This appendix presents a number of mathematical topics that arise in the book. The review is not meant to be comprehensive; it is limited to only items that could be helpful for understanding the flow of ideas in the chapters of this book.
Variables and Functions
Variable is the name we give to a value of something that changes. When we call a variable independent we mean that it can be any size within a prescribed physical domain of realistic values. A dependent variable is the value that we call a function of the independent variable. On a daily magnetogram, the magnitudes of the scaled H (a “dependent” variable) are dependent upon the selection of the “independent” variable of daily hourly time that we can take to be any value (in the domain) from 0 to 24. Maxwell's equations (Chapter 1) allow a unique field value to be determined from a given source-current distribution; however, given the field values, a number of possible currents might be the source. The dependent-variable field is a function of the independent-variable current. The extreme highest and lowest values of the dependent variable that occur over the domain of the independent variable define the range of the dependent variable.
The term function has a very special meaning in mathematics. When we say, for example, “the variable y is a function of the variable x” it is written as y = f(x).
Acknowledgements
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 10 April 2003, pp xii-xii
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2 - Quiet-time field variations and dynamo currents
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 05 June 2012
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- 10 April 2003, pp 67-110
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Summary
Introduction
It is the nature of geomagnetic fields to not divulge their sources simply. The observatory magnetometers (Earth-field measuring devices described in Chapter 5) respond to all the fields reaching the local environment, add them together, and limit recording only by the frequency response designed into the instruments. A large part of research in geomagnetism concerns the dissection of field variation recordings to isolate the individual contributing sources, discover the physical processes that cause these currents, and thereby understand another feature of our global environment. Occasionally, a newly revealed feature becomes immediately important and useful to society's needs; usually, its utility is discovered only after many years. One of the first field sources to be discovered (Stewart, 1883; Schuster, 1889, 1908) was a current driven by tidal forces and winds in a conducting region above the Earth that was subsequently named the ionosphere. Such currents are indicated by a recurring field pattern on quiet-time daily recordings. The accurate determination of quiet-day field variation now finds utility in improvement of satellite main-field modeling, in profiling the Earth's electric conductivity, and in establishment of baselines from which magnetospheric disturbances are quantified.
The purpose of this chapter is to explain the origin and behavior of the regularly recurring field variations that have periods of a day or less. Because the principal source for these currents lies in a naturally ionized layer above the Earth, we will examine the basic features of this ionosphere.
Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
- 2nd edition
- Wallace H. Campbell
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- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 10 April 2003
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Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields is a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of geophysics. It explains the natural magnetic fields in and surrounding the Earth that arise from a variety of electric currents. The author clearly presents these different components of the Earth's magnetic field with a minimum of mathematical complexity. Readers are also introduced to the techniques and instrumentation for measuring geomagnetic fields, and to the range of applications for which these measurements are used. This second edition has been fully revised. It has been designed as a textbook for use with semester courses in geomagnetism and includes student exercises at the end of each chapter. Special appendices review relevant mathematical techniques and direct the reader to various journals, books, organizations, and websites where computer programs for geomagnetism may be downloaded.
1 - The Earth's main field
- Wallace H. Campbell, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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- Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields
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- 05 June 2012
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- 10 April 2003, pp 1-66
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Summary
Introduction
The science of geomagnetism developed slowly. The earliest writings about compass navigation are credited to the Chinese and dated to 250 years B.C. (Figure 1.1). When Gilbert published the first textbook on geomagnetism in 1600, he concluded that the Earth itself behaved as a great magnet (Gilbert, 1958 reprint) (Figure 1.2). In the early nineteenth century, Gauss (1848) introduced improved magnetic field observation techniques and the spherical harmonic method for geomagnetic field analysis. Not until 1940 did the comprehensive textbook of Chapman and Bartels bring us into the modern age of geomagnetism. The bibliography in the Appendix, Section B.7, lists some of the major textbooks about the Earth's geomagnetic field that are currently in use.
For many of us the first exposure to the concept of an electromagnetic field came with our early exploration of the properties of a magnet. Its strong attraction to other magnets and to objects made of iron indicated immediately that something special was happening in the space between the two solid objects. We accepted words such as field, force field, and lines of force as ways to describe the strength and direction of the push or pull that one magnetic object exerted on another magnetic material that came under its influence. So, to start our subject, I would like to recall a few of our experiences that give reality to the words magnetic field and dipole field.