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30 results

Page 1 of 2

  • Industrial brewing in early modern London

  • William M. Cavert
  • Journal:
    Urban History , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 January 2025, pp. 1-18
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  • Scholarship on brewing in early modern London is torn between two irreconcilable stories, one positing stunning growth before 1560 and the other insignificant change until after 1720. Careful attention to company and court records as well as state papers, however, reveals that by 1600 London brewing had boomed, likely making it Europe’s largest brewing centre, led by individual houses operating on scales close to the largest of the mid-eighteenth century. Such breweries were accurately perceived to be large scale and highly profitable, clustered along the Thames in urban industrial zones.

  • Industrial coal consumption in early modern London

  • WILLIAM M. CAVERT
  • Journal:
    Urban History / Volume 44 / Issue 3 / August 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 April 2016, pp. 424-443

  • The importance of energy, in particular coal, is the subject of ongoing debate amongst economic historians who examine its relationship to the timing and nature of British industrialization. Yet attention to the case of London during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries shows that heavy coal consumption did not require industrial production, nor was heavy industrial coal demand dependent on steam engines. Rather, through the first sustained attempt to quantify industry's proportion of London's demand for mined coal, this article argues that the early modern world's leading coal market was driven primarily by domestic rather than industrial consumption, but that many industrial facilities nevertheless consumed fuel on scales often associated with later industrialization.

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