This study evaluates the psychological factors influencing vaccination attitudes and behaviors among individuals visiting family health centers. Using the 5C model, the study identifies key determinants affecting vaccination intention and hesitancy, providing insights into strategies to enhance vaccine acceptance.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1712 adults aged 18 and over in Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, covering socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination attitudes, and internet usage. The Turkish version of the ‘Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination (5C) Scale’ was used to assess participants’ responses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing vaccination intention.

Individuals whose income exceeds their expenses (OR: 1.532, 95% CI: 1.107–2.119), those who received the COVID-19 vaccine (OR: 2.362, 95% CI: 1.429–3.906), and those who are not active social media users (OR: 1.417, 95% CI: 1.096–1.833) were more likely to get vaccinated without hesitation. Higher confidence (OR: 1.268, 95% CI: 1.231–1.306) and collective responsibility (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.046–1.122) scores were associated with increased willingness to vaccinate, while higher calculation scores (OR: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.899–0.965) were linked to hesitancy.

The findings suggest that fostering confidence and collective responsibility is crucial for improving vaccine acceptance. Communication strategies should be tailored to reduce hesitancy among active social media users. Future research should explore the underlying risk factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy in different populations.