Rhinitis medicamentosa is a challenging condition resulting from prolonged nasal decongestant use. This study aimed to compare holmium laser turbinate reduction and partial turbinoplasty surgical options.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 65 patients diagnosed with rhinitis medicamentosa, with a minimum post-operative follow up of 12 months. Symptom severity and quality of life were assessed pre- and post-operatively using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) and the visual analogue scale (VAS).

Both surgical techniques resulted in significant post-operative improvement in SNOT-22 and VAS scores. Post-operative SNOT-22 total and obstruction scores were significantly lower in the partial turbinoplasty group compared with the holmium laser turbinate reduction group (p < 0.05). Post-operative VAS scores did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). The partial turbinoplasty group demonstrated higher incidence of early post-operative complications.

Both holmium laser turbinate reduction and partial turbinoplasty are effective surgical options for rhinitis medicamentosa. Surgical technique selection should be individualised based on disease severity, patient expectations and risk tolerance.

To compare subjective and psychophysical olfactory outcomes in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis controlled after primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) alone versus those treated with dupilumab for post-operative recurrence.

This retrospective cohort study included 357 adults undergoing primary FESS. Patients were classified into a FESS group (disease controlled after surgery alone, n = 334) and a dupilumab group (post-operative recurrence treated with dupilumab without revision surgery, n = 23). Subjective olfaction was assessed using the self-administered odour questionnaire and psychophysical function was assessed using standardised olfactory threshold testing. Pre- and post-treatment outcomes were compared within and between groups.

Baseline age, sex, asthma prevalence and psychophysical thresholds did not differ significantly. The Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis scores, blood eosinophils and self-administered odour questionnaire scores were worse in the dupilumab group at baseline. Both groups showed significant improvement after treatment, with no significant differences in post-treatment outcomes.

Dupilumab for post-operative recurrence achieved olfactory improvement comparable to primary FESS alone.

The modified endoscopic Lothrop (Draf III) procedure requires reliable mucosal coverage of the exposed bone within the frontal neo-ostium to prevent post-operative restenosis. Free mucosal grafts are effective but difficult to secure due to limited access and absent anchoring sites. We describe a novel use of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting implants as a pragmatic approach to achieve mucosal graft fixation.

Following completion of a Draf III frontal sinusotomy, a PROPEL™ implant is deployed over a free mucosal graft within the frontal neo-ostium. Endoscopic assessment is performed at standard post-operative intervals.

In our experience, the technique provides mechanical stabilisation and local steroid delivery and is associated with visually satisfactory graft apposition and mucosalisation in the post-operative period.

The use of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting implants offers a practical and complementary endoscopic adjunct in patients undergoing Draf III frontal sinus surgery, supporting graft fixation and contributing to improved long-term neo-ostium patency.

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of nasal endoscopy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1990 to August 2025. Studies reporting 2 × 2 diagnostic data for diagnostic nasal endoscopy, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were pooled using random-effects models to estimate sensitivity, specificity and summary receiver-operating characteristic measures.

Nine diagnostic datasets were included. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed high sensitivity (0.87) but moderate specificity (0.63) versus computed tomography. Computed tomography demonstrated good sensitivity (0.90) but limited specificity (0.50) versus histopathology. Magnetic resonance imaging provided moderate sensitivity (0.71) and high specificity (0.88) versus computed tomography. Substantial heterogeneity existed across modalities and reference standards.

Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is highly sensitive but moderately specific. Computed tomography is sensitive but limited by false positives. Magnetic resonance imaging appears more specific, although evidence remains scarce. Further paired imaging–histopathology studies are required.

This study compared endoscopic butterfly inlay and microscopic over-underlay cartilage tympanoplasty regarding graft success and hearing outcomes.

A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent tympanoplasty between January 2022 and December 2024. Patients with additional otologic procedures, cholesteatoma or revision surgery were excluded. Patients were assigned to Group 1 (endoscopic butterfly inlay) or Group 2 (microscopic over-underlay). Demographic characteristics, perforation size, operative time, graft success and audiometric outcomes were evaluated using air–bone gap (ABG).

Sixty-four patients were included (33 in Group 1, 31 in Group 2). Operative time was significantly longer in the microscopic group, while perforation size and graft success rates were similar. Both techniques resulted in significant post-operative hearing improvement without inter-group differences.

Both techniques provided comparable graft success and hearing outcomes. The endoscopic butterfly inlay technique achieved similar results with shorter operative time, supporting its use as a minimally invasive alternative.

This study aimed to evaluate physical simulation models for endoscopic ear surgery including model types, validation methodology and educational outcomes.

A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses compliant search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was conducted to June 2025. Studies describing physical endoscopic ear surgery simulators with reported validation or educational outcomes were included.

Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Simulators comprised cadaveric animal heads, synthetic task trainers and single- and multi-material three-dimensional-printed models. Face validity was consistently high. Construct validity, assessed using Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scores or timed tasks, was demonstrated in five studies. Content validity was reported in three studies. No study evaluated transfer validity. Educational outcomes included improvements in confidence, anatomical knowledge and task completion time.

Physical endoscopic ear surgery simulators show strong face validity and emerging construct validity, but evidence is limited by small, single-centre studies and methodological variability. Standardised validation and assessment of clinical transfer are needed to support integration into training pathways.

To explore the treatment options and prognostic factors of vocal fold leukoplakia.

The study examined conservative and surgical treatment approaches, and analysed prognostic factors influencing vocal fold leukoplakia outcomes.

In the conservative treatment group, lesion size (p = 0.035) and smoking (p < 0.001) were identified as independent factors influencing treatment outcomes. In the surgical treatment group, lesion size (p = 0.018) was identified as an independent factor affecting recurrence. There was no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of conservative versus surgical treatment for patients with hyperplasia (p = 0.223), mild dysplasia (p = 0.634) and moderate dysplasia (p = 0.758).

Smoking and lesion size are key factors influencing the outcome of conservative treatment, while lesion size is a significant factor affecting recurrence in surgically treated patients. More importantly, conservative treatment should be prioritised for patients with moderate dysplasia and milder vocal fold leukoplakia.

To evaluate the indications, outcomes, and recurrence rates of elective paediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery at a tertiary centre, and to highlight the continued importance of multidisciplinary management.

A retrospective review included 65 patients (age range 5–17 years) undergoing elective paediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery from January 2017 to December 2024. Data on demographics, surgical details, additional procedures, and revision rates were collected. Logistic regression identified predictors of revision.

Chronic rhinosinusitis was the most common indication (45/65), with 62 per cent requiring polypectomy and 84 per cent undergoing middle meatal antrostomy. Fifteen percent had cystic fibrosis; cystic fibrosis status significantly predicted revision (odds ratio 8.5, p = 0.007). A multidisciplinary approach was crucial for the 20 per cent needing additional procedures. No major complications were reported.

Paediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery is safe and effective for paediatric sinonasal disease, particularly where balloon sinuplasty is insufficient for polyposis. Multicentre collaborations will help refine selection criteria and enhance long-term outcomes.

Efficacy of gastric inlet patch (GIP) ablation using argon plasma coagulation (APC) for patients presenting with persistent throat symptoms was evaluated.

Retrospective observational study from a single university hospital. Consecutive patients who had GIP ablation for persistent throat symptoms between 01/10/2018-31/10/2023 were reviewed and patients who met all of the set inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study for analysis.

50% (n = 18/36) of patients responded to APC ablation (median follow-up 3 months) with their post-ablation GETS score decreasing by 30-100%. Long-term follow-up results could be obtained from 22 patients (n = 22/36) and 75% (n = 9/12) had their clinical effects maintained (median follow-up 4.5 years; range 2.7–5.8 years).

GIP ablation can be a very effective treatment for patients with persistent throat symptoms with its therapeutic effects long-lasting. Future studies should focus on evaluating the optimal patient selection process for GIP ablation for persistent throat symptoms.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of endoscopic type I tympanoplasty/myringoplasty with (ETMFE) or without tympanomeatal flap elevation (ETMFNE).

A thorough search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was executed. The Review Manager 5.4 software was used for synthesising data, with forest plots illustrating the results for each outcome. Assessment of potential publication bias was conducted using funnel plots and Egger’s test.

The meta-analysis included data from seven studies with 839 patients. The results demonstrated no significant difference in graft success rates (risk ratio = 1.01; 95 per cent confidence interval: 0.98–1.04; p = 0.54) or air–bone gap improvement (mean difference = –0.08; 95 per cent confidence interval: –2.02–1.85; p = 0.93) between the ETMFE and ETMFNE groups. However, the ETMFE group showed a pronounced increase in operation time (mean difference = 19.50; 95 per cent confidence interval: 10.75–28.25; p < 0.0001).

ETMFNE could be a preferable option for tympanic membrane perforation, offering similar efficacy to ETMFE but with reduced surgical time, particularly in appropriately selected cases.

This study compared endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty regarding surgical duration and clinical outcomes for chronic suppurative otitis media.

Retrospective study included patients who underwent either endoscopic or microscopic tympanoplasty at King Abdullah Medical City between January 2020 and May 2022. It compared the groups’ surgical duration, residual perforation incidence, post-operative pain and audiological outcomes.

The study included 58 patients, 29 of whom underwent endoscopic and 29 underwent microscopic tympanoplasty. Endoscopic tympanoplasty had a significantly shorter average surgical duration (75.46 ± 21.04 minutes) than microscopic (126.66 ± 34.27 minutes). Non-significant differences were detected between groups regarding residual perforation, post-operative pain or hearing improvements.

Both procedures resulted in non-significant differences regarding hearing and surgical complications. However, endoscopic tympanoplasty had a significantly shorter surgical duration, making it a preferable option due to reducing time required. Further randomized studies should be conducted to answer which approach is superior.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the dumbbell-shaped tragal cartilage–perichondrium air-filled chamber technique versus the gelatine sponge packing method for small–medium tympanic membrane perforations.

A retrospective analysis of 68 patients (39 air-filled chamber, 29 gelatine sponge) treated between January 2020 and September 2024. Pre- and post-operative assessments included pure tone audiometry, air–bone gap, tympanic membrane healing, and visual analogue scale scores.

Healing rates were similar (89.7 per cent vs 93.1 per cent, p = 0.959). At six months, pure tone audiometry and air–bone gap improvements were comparable (p > 0.05). At one month, the air-filled chamber group showed better hearing recovery (pure tone audiometry: 19.71 vs 24.27 dB HL; air–bone gap: 7.28 vs 12.28 dB HL; both p < 0.05) and lower pain scores (1.13 vs 1.59, p = 0.022). Complications and operative times were similar.

The air-filled chamber technique is a safe and effective alternative, offering superior early hearing recovery, reduced discomfort, and comparable long-term outcomes to the gelatine sponge method.

This study measured the effectiveness of an in-house designed, cast silicone airway model in addressing the lack of easily accessible, validated transoral laser microsurgery simulation models.

Participants performed resection of two marked vocal fold lesions on the model. The model underwent face, content and construct validation assessment using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire measuring the mean resection time for each lesion and the completeness of lesion excision. Comparative analyses were performed for these measures.

Thirteen otolaryngologists participated in this study. The model achieved validation threshold on all face and content measures (median, ≥4). Construct validation was demonstrated by the improvement in mean resection time between lesions one and two (86 vs 54 seconds, W = 11, p = 0.017). The mean resection time was lower amongst more senior otolaryngologists (61.5 vs 107.1 seconds, W = 11, p = 0.017).

This synthetic silicone model is a low-cost, easily reproducible, high-fidelity synthetic airway model, demonstrating face, content and construct validity.

Head and neck cancer has a 5 per cent incidence of synchronous primary cancer. Synchronous primary cancers are commonly detected with imaging and flexible nasoendoscopy. Routine panendoscopy is still being used to screen for synchronous primary cancers. The aim was to establish the method of detection of synchronous primary cancer.

A retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients with a synchronous primary cancer, presented at the West of Scotland Head and Neck Multidisciplinary Team from December 2020 to August 2022. This study is Level 3 evidence.

A total of 2325 patients were presented to the Multi-Disciplinary Team with head and neck cancer and 54 (2.3 per cent) had SPC; 63.8 per cent (30) of patients had a panendoscopy. All patients with comprehensive out-patient assessment had their synchronous primary cancer detected on examination or imaging, without the need for panendoscopy.

Panendoscopy did not detect any new synchronous primary cancer in patients assessed with flexible nasoendoscopy and imaging. With modern high-resolution imaging and fibreoptics, panendoscopy does not play a role in the detection of synchronous primary cancers.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare disease characterised by growth of papilloma within the respiratory tract. The disease course is variable but can require frequent surgical interventions alongside adjuvant medical treatments. There is no definitive curative treatment or gold-standard guidelines for management. We aimed to evaluate current and potential future adjuvant treatments and propose a management guideline for adult patients.

Relevant articles were identified through searching databases, reference lists and grey literature.

Systemic bevacizumab appears to be the most effective adjuvant treatment currently available. However, intralesional cidofovir also achieves a high complete-response rate in adults and the Gardasil vaccine demonstrates preventative and therapeutic value. The INO-3107 DNA vaccine is a promising potential future adjuvant treatment.

This review provides a detailed examination of current and potential future adjuvant treatments. Based on the literature, we have developed a management guideline for adult patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.