This literature review paper analyses recurring challenges associated with products designed for remanufacturing and links them to areas in which Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) can provide targeted support through the utilisation of SysML models. The paper proposes SysML-based strategies for enhancing requirement traceability, improving lifecycle data and simulation support, enabling compatibility assessment, and facilitating stakeholder data exchange. The conclusion highlights the implications of these insights for future research on MBSE supported Circular Economy (CE) strategies.

Remanufacturing can be facilitated by design activities considering value creation, preservation, and recovery. Design-related decisions for remanufacturing can affect the performance of business models, but there is a lack of literature to identify these barriers or enablers. Through an analysis of selected remanufacturing cases, an initial step to bridge this gap is provided. Findings highlight the potential of design for remanufacturing for enhanced value creation processes and new service offerings, and present recurrent barriers and enablers to remanufacturing in the cases.

This study presents a sustainable surface engineering approach aimed at extending the service life and enabling the restoration of worn 42Cr4 steel components within a circular manufacturing framework. Wear-induced surface degradation is a primary failure mechanism in mechanical systems, leading to increased maintenance costs, energy losses, and excessive consumption of raw materials. In this work, the surface of 42Cr4 steel was modified by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) surface remelting assisted by a high-frequency magnetic field. Unlike conventional TIG treatments and post-process magnetic field applications, the proposed method applies the magnetic field in situ during remelting, enabling real-time control of molten pool dynamics. The tribological performance of the treated specimens was evaluated using a ball-on-disc configuration under paraffin lubrication, and friction and wear behavior were systematically quantified. The results indicate that magnetically assisted TIG remelting significantly enhances surface hardness and tribological performance. These improvements are attributed to intensified electromagnetic stirring within the molten pool, which promotes grain refinement, reduces porosity, and ensures a uniform distribution of alloying elements in the remelted layer. As a result, the treated surfaces exhibit improved load-bearing capacity and enhanced resistance to wear under lubricated sliding conditions. From an application perspective, the proposed hybrid process provides an effective and scalable solution for component repair and surface regeneration. Restoring functional surfaces without full component replacement offers clear environmental and economic advantages. In addition, localized surface treatment significantly reduces material consumption and energy demand, thereby supporting resource-efficient and circular economy strategies.

This paper examines the role of remanufacturing in healthcare as a key circular design strategy, particularly for medical devices, assessing its socio-technical, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainability. Through a detailed case of ultrasound catheters, it demonstrates how remanufacturing can lead to resource conservation, cost savings, and enhanced product lifecycles in health care without compromising quality and patient safety. The study argues for systemic changes in healthcare practices to fully integrate remanufacturing, underscoring its role beyond a technical solution.

Whilst remanufacture is identified as a key enabler for sustainable manufacture in future industry, its role within the context of new product development remains unclear. Where prototypes often go through multiple iterations with varying degrees of change, could remanufacture be adopted to reduce the time and cost components of design iteration? This paper presents a computational study to explore the potential savings afforded by remanufacture across stages of a rapid prototyping process. Results suggest significant reductions to development time and cost can be achieved.