This research compared effects of the weed control practice, soilcultivation, and the conventional practice, glyphosate application on weedseedbank, in a vineyard system. The experiment was conducted in a commercialwine-grape vineyard in the Napa Valley of northern California from 2003 to2005. The annual treatments were “winter–spring glyphosate,” “springcultivation,” “fall–spring cultivation,” and “fall cultivation–springglyphosate,” and were applied “in-row,” under the vine. Composition of theweed seedbank collected in 2002 before treatment establishment did notdiffer among treatments. After 3 yr of weed treatments, detrendedcorrespondence analysis indicated that the composition of spring cultivationand winter–spring glyphosate tended to differ from each other, but theremaining two treatments showed little differentiation. As determined bylinear discriminant analysis, the specific weed species were associated withseedbanks of certain treatments. These were Carolina geranium, annualbluegrass, brome grasses, California burclover, and scarlet pimpernel, whichdo not pose problems with regard to physical aspects of grape production.Although ‘Zorro’ rattail fescue was ubiquitous among treatments, itsdistribution between depths in the cultivated treatments indicated thattillage provided some homogenization of seedbank along the vertical soilprofile. The seedlings from the seedbank study were not congruent with thosemeasured aboveground in the field, suggesting that both treatment andmicroclimatic effects in the field may have influenced germination, andthus, aboveground composition.