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This review explores the potential of circular food resources (CFRs) as animal feed in South Asian countries, with particular attention to dairy production systems. The review examines how CFRs are produced and supplied, identifying barriers to adoption, and evaluating existing governance and management frameworks to enable their integration into dairy feeding systems. A total of 24 research articles published in English between 2000 and 2025 met the selection criteria. Studies were included if they addressed CFRs in relation to feed types, processing methods, revalorization, life cycle assessments, circular economy models, relevant legislation, incentives and barriers to adoption. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify key patterns, trends and gaps in literature using MAXQDA. The review highlights that a large share of organic CFRs comes from private households, supermarkets, the hospitality sector and food industries. However, CFR management is still dominated by uncontrolled dumping and open burning, and only limited quantities are reused as feed, even though they could serve as a potential feed resource for dairy animals. Urban and peri-urban dairy farmers face adoption barriers such as contamination with inorganic materials, lack of regulation, insufficient nutritional, hygienic and safety data, and low awareness of impacts on animal performance. At conceptual level, the lack of integrated frameworks and stakeholder engagement limits the development of circular practices. At governance level, weak regulations and coordination hinder policy support. At management level, insufficient data on nutrition, safety, hygiene and regional availability highlight the need for context-specific evidence. Building on the synthesized findings, the review proposes a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework to evaluate the opportunities and risks of integrating CFRs into feeding systems. Transitioning from fragmented efforts to systemic change in CFRs-to-feed will require an interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach, to build resilient and sustainable circular food systems in South Asian countries and beyond.
Edited by
Liz McDonald, East London NHS Foundation Trust,Roch Cantwell, Perinatal Mental Health Service and West of Scotland Mother & Baby Unit,Ian Jones, Cardiff University
Leadership is a very fashionable term and firmly established in the lexicon of managers in both the private and public sectors and within domestic and international politics. As a concept, it is complex, multifaceted, dynamic and invariably influenced by the context and organisational culture in which it occurs.
The chapter begins with an overview of different ideas about leadership, examining ‘wicked’ and ‘tame’ problems, the distinction between leadership and management, psychiatrists as leaders and different leadership styles. We then delve into the emerging fields of compassionate and systemic leadership, emphasising relational trust, diversity and collaboration. We explore the role of contention, developing collaborative relationships, the centrality of developing relational trust and working with diversity. The chapter concludes with a discussion focused on the ubiquitous influence of conflict in organisations. Throughout, we will explore leadership through multiple lenses to unlock new possibilities for practice.
Work on the relationship between regulation and bribery suggests that bribes are a joint function of the demands of bureaucrats and the supply of business managers willing to pay them. However, due to biases in measurement, empirical work has concentrated on country-level, demand-side drivers, while research on factors that lead businesses to bribe remains theoretically rich but empirically underdeveloped. We contribute to the burgeoning work on the supply of bribery with a formal model that predicts poorly managed firms may strategically initiate bribes because resource constraints and/or poor service quality necessitate shortcuts in regulatory compliance. To test these theories, we present two connected studies. The first demonstrates that the predictions are consistent with cross-national business survey data. The second, a field experiment, randomly assigned firms to management training courses in Vietnam. Using detailed accounting books, we find that firms in the management course paid monthly bribes less than one-fifth the size ($227 less) of the placebo group, and, consistent with our predictions, had higher levels of regulatory compliance.
Although unique in its effectiveness, lithium shares with other psychotropic medications the potential to induce multiple side-effects that significantly influence tolerability, acceptability and patient adherence. We review the available evidence to provide a contemporary update for clinicians in treating lithium-induced side-effects. Most adverse effects of lithium are either transient or not severe enough to require discontinuation. Distressing side-effects can reduce gradually or become tolerable with a ‘watchful waiting’ approach or, if not tolerated, dose reduction. Side-effects leading to discontinuation may allow for later rechallenge. Side-effects such as stage 5 chronic kidney disease and the syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity (SILENT) merit discontinuation. There is a paucity of studies examining management of lithium side-effects, with most treatments for them based on small samples or case series/reports. Treatments will usually mirror recommended interventions from other treatment settings.
The Journal of Management and Organization (JMO) is the journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management. It is an international journal publishing work of global authors but has a distinct Australian and New Zealand heritage based on cultural and social pursuits. This means it is important to highlight how Australian and New Zealand management research has developed over the years and to acknowledge its uniqueness in global academia. This editorial focuses on JMO 2026 in terms of addressing needs to further ponder how values and context influences management research and practice. The role of research contexts and policy are discussed with the goal of enabling a future research agenda that specifically combines an Australian and New Zealand mindset.
As part of the Journal of Management and Organization’s 30th birthday celebration it is important to reflect and consider what is valuable advice. This perspective article is coauthored by a number of academics and brings together their thoughts about value in management practice. An international array of management teachers and researchers provide their advice in the hope of inspiring future generations of management researchers.
Management is the only window to incentive bargaining. The result of the incentive bargaining, filtered by management’s own incentive, determines the direction of managing the firm. Chapter 3 categorizes managerial incentives into power-related, reputational, and monetary incentives, and compares the characteristics of managerial incentives in the three countries. For US management, monetary incentives are the most important among the three categories. For Japanese management, the monetary incentive is not the priority but is subordinated to power-related and reputational incentives. In China, managerial incentives are different in SOEs and POEs. For SOE management, monetary compensation is not so important, but political rank is more important, which is accompanied by monetary rewards. For POE management, monetary incentives are important, and stock options are widely used. At the same time, the political network is important to POE management, and POE management cares about its reputation in the party-state as well.
A significant percentage of listed companies are under the influence of founding families by stock ownership and/or family managers, even in developed countries, including the United States. In the United States, when the founders retire, they tend to hire professional managers and sell out their shares. In Japan, approximately 50% of listed companies are family firms, many of which are managed by founders’ heirs without substantial family ownership. In China, although family firms are relatively new because Chinese law traditionally prohibited private enterprises, family firms have grown rapidly since the transformation from a planned to a market-oriented economy in 1978. Generally speaking, founder firms’ performance is significantly better than that of non-family firms in most countries, but heir-managing firms’ performance varies in different countries. Prevalent types of listed family firms and their relative performance to non-family firms reflect minority shareholder protection law, the size of the manager market, and the corporate governance practice of each country.
This is a book focusing on a comparative analysis of business systems primarily involving and surrounding the firms/enterprises across three leading economies in the world, that is, the United States, China, and Japan. The book will discuss one basic question: how does law matter to business practice, together with the markets and social norms of each jurisdiction? The book’s framework is as follows: the firm acts as a forum for incentive bargaining among four major participants: management and employees as human capital providers, creditors, and shareholders as monetary capital providers. Each participant will bargain with each other to maximize its own payoff based on exogenous factors: the situation of various markets (products, labor, intellectual property rights, and capital), social norms (e.g., shareholder value maximization model and stakeholder model), and enterprise law. This book will include the government as the fifth player of this game in the sense that the government provides indispensable resources (physical, social, and legal infrastructures) to the firm, shares the pie via tax revenue, and bargains with the other four players.
This perspective article is to celebrate the 30th birthday of the Journal of Management & Organization. To remember its achievements and to reflect on its successes a number of management academics were quizzed about their thoughts. This helps to identify future growth areas of management interest and to project new developments. By doing so it enables a holistic view about the role of management in practice, policy and society.
A stakeholder structured engagement process at the Sustainable Water Infrastructure Management (SWIM) conference and workshop was held in December 2024. The participants identified critical current and future issues facing the water sector that are synthesized in this paper. In particular, they highlighted issues of water systems’ vulnerability and lack of resilience to hazards and stressors; inequities associated with water scarcity; and water quality problems – all affected by natural or man-made influences. The Smart One Water (S1W) vision was the baseline for the SWIM 2024 conference. This paper expands the S1W vision with a synthesis of the conference discussions about S1W-related fundamental concepts, practices and implementation barriers. It includes initial recommendations – based on a digital, data-focused, stakeholder-driven approach – with expert representatives of the public and private water supply sectors, academia, government and policymakers tasked to generate real-world adaptable ideas and practical solutions. Specifically, S1W envisions a future where water management and governance silos are eliminated to provide the necessary collaboration to enable efficient, resilient, affordable and equitable water access capable of adapting to a changing environment. This would be a future where communities govern collaboratively through integrated decision-making on policy, management and funding of natural and engineered water systems at the river basin scale.
This paper juxtaposes the expectations of event managers and sports event volunteers in a case study organisation. These are understood within the theoretical framework of the psychological contract. Results show the distinctive contribution volunteers can make to events but also the distinctive challenges they present to event managers. For event managers, volunteers bring: enthusiasm, a good relationship and empathy with the public, and they provide a cheaper labour force. But a major concern is ensuring their reliability. For volunteers, important expectations include: flexibility of engagement, the quality of personal relationships, recognition for their contribution, and a clear communication of what they are expected to do. The juxtaposition of event manager and volunteer perspectives illustrates the need for a different approach to managing volunteers in comparison to paid employees. This reflects both volunteers’ expectations and the recognition that they have greater autonomy; not being tied to a contract by financial rewards or a related career progression. More generally the results illustrate the use of the theoretical framework provided by the psychological contract but that in using this it is valuable to compare the perspectives of managers and volunteers, using a qualitative approach to understand this social relationship.
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) operate in increasingly commercialized environments. To be successful in competitive markets, good management is crucial. Drawing from research on organizational success as a theoretical background, the authors systemize which management-relevant success factors for MFIs have been analyzed previously in the microfinance literature, then highlight promising research avenues for assessing MFIs from a management perspective. This approach lays the groundwork for reliable success factor research in microfinance settings.
The purpose of this paper is to present and develop a firmer grasp of the underlying dimensions of organizational capacity in nonprofit human service organizations. The paper draws on the resource-based view of the organization (Barney et al. in Journal of Management 37:1299, 2011; Wernerfelt in Strategic Management Journal 5:171, 1984), which recognizes that organizational attributes and capabilities facilitate performance. Interviews were conducted with 66 executives in moderate sized, human service organizations to discuss factors that influence performance. Findings suggest that human, financial, and social capital all contribute to organizational performance. Executives emphasized the quality of people associated with the organization including the role of the board of directors in supporting performance. Many respondents also believed that maintaining healthy and dynamic external relationships was critical to success.
During crises such as the present coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, nonprofits play a key role in ensuring support to improve the most vulnerable individuals’ health, social, and economic conditions. One year into the COVID-19 pandemic, an extensive automated literature analysis was conducted of 154 academic articles on nonprofit management during the pandemic—all of which were published in 2020. This study sought to identify and systematize academics’ contributions to knowledge about the crisis’s impact on the nonprofit sector and to ascertain the most urgent directions for future research. The results provide policymakers, nonprofit practitioners, and scholars an overview of the themes addressed and highlight the important assistance academic researchers provide to nonprofits dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.
While scholars of management have extensively discussed paradoxes, scholars of volunteer management have given them little systematic attention. This special issue brings together the field of paradox studies with the research field of volunteer management. While many studies highlight paradoxes between different “missions” and mandates within volunteer-involving organizations, this introduction suggests using a “dramaturgical” approach that highlights the interplay between different actors, audiences, instruments for communication and action, and the broader moral, institutional frameworks in which the organizations operate. We review the field of paradox studies in management, then connect it to volunteer management, and then suggest ways that the dramaturgical approaches might help systematize some of the paradoxes that scholars have found in organizations that use volunteers. Next, the introduction summarizes this issue’s articles. Finally, we suggest that paradoxes take a more prominent role in studies of volunteer management.
Capacity has become a prominent theme in the literature on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the last few decades, due in part to the increasingly global role these organizations play in development. We analyze data obtained from a national sample of local and international NGOs operating in Cambodia, documenting capacity differences between these two groups as well as highlighting overall levels of capacity in the sector. The analysis covers a number of different organizational dimensions that have been associated with capacity, including structural characteristics and concrete management practices. Results suggest that international NGOs generally have greater capacity, but overall levels of capacity are relatively low for a variety of measures. We conclude with an exploratory cluster analysis that identifies four distinctive groups of NGOs based on capacity, providing additional insights into diversity within the sector. These findings will be useful for comparative NGO research and for capacity-building programs, in addition to helping establish an agenda for future research to monitor progress.
Comparative research on nonprofit organizations (NPOs) has been a prominent approach for advancing our understanding of these organizations. This article identifies the primary drivers that shape the NPO comparative research agenda and explores new research trends. Based on a systematic literature review, nine definitional aspects and ten impulses are identified as drivers of NPO research. This article conducts a correspondence analysis to study the relationships between the definitional aspects and impulses that are discussed in 111 articles that were published in philanthropic and third-sector journals in the period January 2001–January 2015. Based on our results, we suggest three new clusters for future comparative research: investment and growth, participation and social impact, and social cohesion and civil society.
The idea of community-based organisations (CBOs) owning or managing physical assets, such as land or buildings, has a long history in many countries. This paper examines policy and practice in the UK where there has been significant interest in this field. A variety of benefits have been attributed to the role of assets including motivating community engagement, providing a vehicle for outsourcing public services, or creating financially sustainable organisations. The empirical research reveals there is a heterogeneous set of CBOs holding assets, but the majority of them are small with few paid staff. The analysis proposes a spectrum of CBO types in the field. It concludes that policy makers will need to recognise that these types are informed by contrasting traditions, ideas and operating logics that affect their different practices and resource dependencies.