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We present an efficient neural-based approach to estimate the instantaneous flow field around an airfoil from limited surface pressure measurements. The model, denoted SNN-POD, relies on two independent shallow neural networks to predict the instantaneous flow over a wide range of angles of attack $ \left[10{}^{\circ},20{}^{\circ}\right] $. At all angles the global model correctly recovers the average characteristics of the flow from single-time sensor data, thus allowing combination with local, angle-dependent models. The method is applied to 2D URANS simulations of a thick airfoil at a Reynolds number of $ \mathit{\operatorname{Re}}=4.5\times {10}^6 $. The training set consists of snapshots obtained from a coarse sampling $ \left(1-2{}^{\circ}\right) $ of the angle of attack range. A variance-based criterion is used to determine the number and positions of sensors. Tests are carried out for unseen snapshots at angles of attack within the set (sampled angles) as well as outside the set (interpolated angles). The maximum MSE error of attack for sampled and interpolated angles is respectively $ 2.9\% $ and $ 6.6\% $. This makes it possible to develop adaptive strategies to improve the estimation if necessary.
Reduced-order modeling is an active area of research by which simplified models of experimental or numerical data can be generated that are faithful to the behavior of the unerlying system.These methods are based on Galerkin projection, which is motivated by variational methods, or some other method of weighted residuals and allow for the projection of any governing differential equation onto an appropriate set of basis vectors or functions.These basis vectors or functions can be obtained using proper-orthogonal decomposition (POD) or one of its extensions or alternatives.Galerkin projection and POD are applied to continuous and discrete data sets.
Address vector and matrix methods necessary in numerical methods and optimization of linear systems in engineering with this unified text. Treats the mathematical models that describe and predict the evolution of our processes and systems, and the numerical methods required to obtain approximate solutions. Explores the dynamical systems theory used to describe and characterize system behaviour, alongside the techniques used to optimize their performance. Integrates and unifies matrix and eigenfunction methods with their applications in numerical and optimization methods. Consolidating, generalizing, and unifying these topics into a single coherent subject, this practical resource is suitable for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in engineering, physical sciences, and applied mathematics.
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