On 6 December 1992, following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in India, communal riots broke out in several parts of the country. Mumbai witnessed a horrific bout of communal riots in the months between December 1992 and January 1993, which saw enormous violence against Muslim minorities in the city. This violence was accompanied by the Hindu right-wing political party Shiv Sena's attempts to reconfigure the city as a sacred Hindu space. According to official statistics, the death toll exceeded 800, and 1,50,000 residents, mostly Muslims, left the city. About 100, 000 Muslim refugees took shelter in camps constructed in neighbourhoods that were predominantly populated by Muslims in central Mumbai. The role of the police in the riots was widely criticised by civil society actors and later by an investigating committee as they were accused of being mute spectators and at times active participants in the excessive violence against Muslims, especially in the city's slums. The riots transformed the social geography of Mumbai drastically. Mumbai was a city with a high proportion of ethnically mixed neighbourhoods with the Muslim population spread across the city. After the riots, the Muslim population became far more concentrated in central Mumbai and in slums in north Mumbai. This violent spatial reorganisation of the city because of a concerted attack against Muslim minorities catapulted several Muslim women into the public sphere. They were involved in the rehabilitation of riot victims. Subsequently, they began participating in several initiatives that spoke to concerns of gender justice within the family and ultimately became a part of a project for addressing gender equality in the domain of Muslim family law.

This chapter addresses the challenge of socially "starting from scratch" when moving into a community of approximately 150,000 older adults. It suggests that most residents integrate into overlapping place-, leisure-, and faith-based communities, and experience varying levels of psychological sense of community (PSOC). The chapter also explores the few instances where no PSOC was reported and examines the multiple tensions between different groups based on age, type of residency, and political orientation.

In chapter three, Andrew Kalaidjian explores the idea of cultural renewal by rethinking its efficacy in literary texts. In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries some critics and artists, such as James Joyce, regarded Revival writers and artists as purveyors of a romantic vision of Ireland and interpreted their work as efforts to return to a bygone era of cultural purity. While some latter-day revivalist writers, such as Flann O’Brien and Brian Friel saw the literary revival as compromised by Yeatsian romanticism, others sought in W. B. Yeats’s work a way to move forward without romanticizing the past. The chapter considers literary and cultural texts of the late twentieth century – including Seamus Heaney’s poetry, brochures published by the national turf company Bord Na Móna, the plays of the Field Day Company – as resources for writers in the later twentieth century who sought a foothold in the past during times of sectarian violence.

Archaeological research on pastoralism has mostly occurred within the silos of separate regionally specific traditions in the Middle East, Central Eurasia, North Africa, and East Africa. The common questions concerning pastoral ecologies and economies outlined in Chapter 6 and the social research agendas discussed in Chapter 7 open space for a more robust comparative archaeology of pastoralism across disparate regions and longer time spans.

The history of child maltreatment recognition and response is reviewed. Although Henry Kempe’s identification of the battered child syndrome in 1962 brought the previously unrecognized problem into public view, public policy in the 1970s continued to focus on after-the-fact remedies that did not lower the population rate of abuse. It was Jay Belsky who placed the problem of child abuse into multilevel context, enabling novel approaches to prevention and promotion. Belsky’s ecological model, articulated in three seminal publications spanning the 1980s, enabled the creation of innovative home-visiting programs to support families in early life to promote infant development and prevent child abuse. These programs are reviewed, particularly the universal Family Connects approach. The ultimate implication of Belsky’s theoretical contribution is the framework for a universal Preventive System of Care.

Chapter 26 covers the topic of cannabis use disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis of a patient with cannabis use disorder on first presentation. Topics covered include symptoms and diagnosis of acute intoxication and withdrawal symptoms of cannabis use and amotivational syndrome.

From Galileo, Darwin, to Belsky, the history of science is rife with examples of strong public opposition to new, revolutionary ideas, but not all new, revolutionary ideas attract similarly negative and strong reactions. The conclusion offers speculations about what such strong public oppositions to new scientific ideas might mean, and what they might tell us about the likely eventual success of such new scientific ideas. The conclusion proposes two universal laws of human behavior, which might explain why some scientific ideas and conclusions might elicit strong negative reactions.

Allison Hoffman (University of Pennsylvania Carey Law), an expert on health care regulation, focuses on tectonic changes to health care in recent decades. She offers a bracing account of these shifts, arguing that American doctors may have overreached in their efforts at influencing health care regulation. In so doing, physicians created profit pools that corporate interests proved all too adept at capturing, leaving doctors with lower professional status than they might have otherwise enjoyed. Hoffman suggests that lawyers, and legal reformers more generally, might learn from physicians’ cautionary tale of protectionism and profit.

Resilience is conceptualized as a dynamic developmental process encompassing the attainment of positive adaptation despite the exposure to or the experience of significant threat, severe adversity, or trauma that typically constitute major assaults on the processes underlying biological and psychological development (Luthar, Cicchetti & Becker, 2000; Masten & Cicchetti, 2016). The notion of an average expectable environment for promoting normal development connotes that there is a species-specific range of environmental conditions that elicit normal development in humans. Concerns about how childhood adversity impacts developmental processes and mechanisms have captured deep concerns in researchers in the fields of developmental and clinical psychology, developmental psychopathology, evolutionary psychology, molecular genetics, and neuroscience. Child maltreatment exemplifies a pathogenic relational environment that is far beyond the range of what is normally encountered and engenders substantial risk for maladaptation across domains of biological and psychological development. Child maltreatment is implicated in the disruption of multiple biological systems, including neuroendocrine and immunological functioning, neurobiology, and physical and mental health outcomes. Nonetheless, even though there is strong scientific evidence for maladaptation associated with maltreatment, the absence of an average expectable environment does not condemn maltreated children to negative developmental outcomes later in life. Resilience is possible across the life course.

The Carthaginians, by bringing Masanassa into the war, were believed to have terminated their treaty with the Romans. When they sent envoys, they were given the answer that they knew what must be done.1 The answer was obscure, which left the Carthaginians deeply disturbed.2

Philip G. Peters, Jr. (University of Missouri Law) examines whether nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) offer a promising template for limited license legal professionals. He interrogates the rise of these professions in the medical field, asking, among other things: Do they deliver quality services despite training that is significantly shorter and less expensive than the training of physicians? Do they reduce consumer costs? And do they improve access to care for underserved populations? The chapter also outlines the strategic factors underlying the remarkable success that the NP and PA professions have had, at least until recently, in statehouses across the country and then notes the arguments being made now by physicians against freeing NPs and PAs from all physician oversight. The chapter ends by identifying key lessons from this history for those seeking to create new categories of limited license legal professionals.

Question 1: Which of the following is NOT characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

Chapter 35 covers the topic of suicide risk assessment. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the management of a patient with suicidal ideations from first presentation to its assessments and subsequent management. Things covered include the risk factors and protective factors in suicide risk assessment, differences between suicidal ideation, intent and plan, intepretation of deliberate self-harm in the context of a suicide risk assessment and use of legislature for mandatory medical detention and treatment of patients at high risk of suicide.

By examining the “push” and “pull” factors influencing the decision to move to The Villages and the residents’ perceptions of the community’s rapid growth, this chapter highlights the pros and cons of living in a city for older adults. Distinguishing between veterans and newcomers, permanent residents and snowbirds, and individuals from urban versus rural backgrounds, the chapter also suggests that, overall, the community’s size fosters a collective place identity and pride.