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The Missionary Roots of Liberal Democracy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2012

ROBERT D. WOODBERRY
ROBERT D. WOODBERRY*
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
*
Robert D. Woodberry is Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, National University of Singapore AS1, #04–10 Arts LinkSingapore117570 (polv48@nus.edu.sg; until July 2012, contact at bobwood@austin.utexas.edu).
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Abstract

This article demonstrates historically and statistically that conversionary Protestants (CPs) heavily influenced the rise and spread of stable democracy around the world. It argues that CPs were a crucial catalyst initiating the development and spread of religious liberty, mass education, mass printing, newspapers, voluntary organizations, and colonial reforms, thereby creating the conditions that made stable democracy more likely. Statistically, the historic prevalence of Protestant missionaries explains about half the variation in democracy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania and removes the impact of most variables that dominate current statistical research about democracy. The association between Protestant missions and democracy is consistent in different continents and subsamples, and it is robust to more than 50 controls and to instrumental variable analyses.

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Type
Research Article
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American Political Science Review , Volume 106 , Issue 2 , May 2012 , pp. 244 - 274
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2012

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