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Inertial exit dynamics of a horizontal cylinder out of a liquid bath

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2026

Lionel Vincent Open the ORCID record for Lionel Vincent [Opens in a new window] ,
Javier Rivero-Rodriguez Open the ORCID record for Javier Rivero-Rodriguez [Opens in a new window] ,
Romain Falla ,
Intesaaf Ashraf ,
Vincent Emmanuel Terrapon Open the ORCID record for Vincent Emmanuel Terrapon [Opens in a new window] ,
Stephane Dorbolo Open the ORCID record for Stephane Dorbolo [Opens in a new window]  and
Benoit Scheid Open the ORCID record for Benoit Scheid [Opens in a new window]
Lionel Vincent*
Affiliation:
Transfers Interfaces and Processes (TIPs), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1050 Brussels, Belgium Campus Innovation Paris, Air Liquide R&D, 1 ch. de la Porte des Loges , 78350 Les Loges-en-Josas, France
Javier Rivero-Rodriguez
Affiliation:
Transfers Interfaces and Processes (TIPs), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1050 Brussels, Belgium Escuela de Ingenierias Industriales, Universidad de Màlaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Màlaga, Spain
Romain Falla
Affiliation:
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Université de Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
Intesaaf Ashraf
Affiliation:
PtYX, Département de Physique, Université de Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
Vincent Emmanuel Terrapon
Affiliation:
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Université de Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
Stephane Dorbolo
Affiliation:
PtYX, Département de Physique, Université de Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
Benoit Scheid
Affiliation:
Transfers Interfaces and Processes (TIPs), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1050 Brussels, Belgium
*
Corresponding author: Lionel Vincent, lv.vincent@gmail.com
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Abstract

We present a combined theoretical and numerical investigation of the inertial exit dynamics of a long horizontal circular cylinder vertically lifted out of a finite-size liquid bath at constant velocity. The various steps of the exit dynamics are studied in detail: from the formation of a bulge on the surface ahead of the cylinder to the coating of the cylinder by a liquid film while crossing the interface. We focus on inertial dynamics, a regime characteristic of large exit velocities, i.e. large Reynolds numbers ($500 \lt \textit{Re} \lt 10\,000$) and negligible interfacial effects. The dynamics is investigated through two-dimensional computations of the Navier–Stokes equations using a finite element method with moving boundaries. We describe in detail the exit dynamics while emphasising the effect of various parameters on surface deformation and resistive force. We identify subtle effects and interplay, such as initial free-surface response after impulsive start-up, the important role of the lateral bounding of the reservoir, and the close relationship between wake size and surge amplitudes as revealed by comparing with free-slip cylinder simulations. All these aspects are shown to be crucial to accurately predict the coated film thickness and the exit force.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Waves/Free-surface Flows Wakes/Jets: Wakes Interfacial Flows (free surface): Thin films

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Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1029 , 25 February 2026 , A39
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© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press

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