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The optimal extraction and stability of atranorin from lichens, in relation to solvent and pH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2018

Carlo VOS ,
Phillip MCKINNEY ,
Colby PEARSON ,
Erik HEINY ,
Gamini GUNAWARDENA  and
Emily A. HOLT Open the ORCID record for Emily A. HOLT [Opens in a new window]
Carlo VOS
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, 800 W University Parkway, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah 84058, USA
Phillip MCKINNEY
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, 800 W University Parkway, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah 84058, USA
Colby PEARSON
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, 800 W University Parkway, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah 84058, USA
Erik HEINY
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, 800 W University Parkway, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah 84058, USA
Gamini GUNAWARDENA
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, 800 W University Parkway, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah 84058, USA
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Abstract

Atranorin is a secondary metabolite found in many lichens. This compound can act as a photo-buffer, supporting its use as a marker of metabolic response to changes in light. In preliminary trials, atranorin was found to be unstable over time when in solution, potentially precluding its usefulness in this capacity. The present study tests the stability of atranorin in different extraction solvents and at different pH values over time using HPLC analysis. We found that atranorin is most stable in acetonitrile, among six tested solvents, and that the presence of strong acid or a strong base destabilizes the compound. We propose that atranorin breaks down through transesterification in methanol and ethanol until an equilibrium is reached, while a strong base breaks down atranorin through saponification and under acidic conditions, atranorin concentration significantly increases with time. Although atranorin levels were found to be stable in whole thallus extracts from fresh lichens using a leaching method, chemicals isolated using chromatographic separation showed similar breakdown to an atranorin standard. In future work on lichens atranorin should be extracted in acetonitrile or acetone without an added base or acid to yield the greatest stability and thus provide more accurate concentration values of atranorin with time using HPLC. The interactions of atranorin with acid and with chloroform need further study.

Keywords

acetonitriledepsideHPLCmethanol

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Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 50 , Issue 4 , July 2018 , pp. 499 - 512
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2018 

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