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Overview of the biodiversity and distribution of the Class Homoscleromorpha in the Tropical Western Atlantic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2015

Celso Domingos ,
Anaíra Lage  and
Guilherme Muricy
Celso Domingos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/no, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Anaíra Lage
Affiliation:
Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/no, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Guilherme Muricy*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/no, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to:G. Muricy, Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/no, São Cristóvão. CEP 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil email: muricy@mn.ufrj.br
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Abstract

In this study we revise the current knowledge on the biodiversity and distribution of the Class Homoscleromorpha in the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA). Twenty-seven species are currently recognized in the TWA, belonging to the genera Oscarella (O. nathaliae), Plakortis (P. angulospiculatus, P. dariae, P. edwardsi, P. halichondrioides, P. insularis, P. microrhabdifera, P. myrae, P. petrupaulensis, P. potiguarensis, P. simplex, P. spinalis, P. zyggompha), Plakinastrella (P. globularis, P. microspiculifera, P. onkodes, P. stinapa), Plakina (P. coerulea, P. elisa, P. jamaicensis, P. monolopha, P. tetralopha, P. trilopha, P. versatilis), Corticium (C. diamantense, C. quadripartitum) and Tetralophophora (T. mesoamericana). Three of these ‘species’ are cosmopolitan and in fact represent complexes of cryptic species: Plakina monolopha, P. trilopha and Plakortis simplex. All other 24 species reported are TWA endemics. Only four species are found both in the Caribbean and in Brazil: Plakortis angulospiculatus, P. halichondrioides, Plakinastrella microspiculifera and P. onkodes, but these may also be species complexes. Seven species are Brazilian endemics: Plakina coerulea, Plakinastrella globularis, Plakortis insularis, P. microrhabdifera, P. petrupaulensis, P. potiguarensis and P. spinalis. Thirteen species are restricted to the Tropical North-western Atlantic: Corticium diamantense, C. quadripartitum, Oscarella nathaliae, Plakina elisa, P. jamaicensis, P. tetralopha, P. versatilis, Plakortis dariae, P. edwardsi, P. myrae, P. zyggompha, Plakinastrella stinapa and Tetralophophora mesoamericana. The Greater Antilles is the richest ecoregion, with 12 species reported. Only the Guianan ecoregion has no records of Homoscleromorpha. Several undescribed species of Oscarella and Plakina are also known from the TWA. We estimate that the biodiversity of Homoscleromorpha in the TWA is at least twice as high than currently known.

Keywords

HomoscleromorphaPoriferabiodiversitydistributionTropical Western Atlantic

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