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DNA barcoding reveals deep divergent molecular units in Pomatomus saltatrix (Perciformes: Pomatomidae): implications for management and global conservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2022

Maria Clara G. de Queiroz-Brito*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Carolina Barros Machado
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
Danielle de Jesus Gama Maia
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Uedson Pereira Jacobina
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Penedo, Penedo, Alagoas, Brazil
Mauro Nirchio
Affiliation:
Escuela de Ciencias aplicadas del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad de Oriente, Porlamar, Venezuela Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador
Matheus M. Rotundo
Affiliation:
Acervo Zoológico da Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
Rafael de Almeida Tubino
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Pedro Fernández Iriarte
Affiliation:
Universidade Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas e Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina
Manuel Haimovici
Affiliation:
Instituto de Oceanografia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Rodrigo Augusto Torres
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Departamento de Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Maria Clara G. de Queiroz-Brito, E-mail: claraqueirozbrito@gmail.com

Abstract

Pomatomus saltatrix is a high-value marine pelagic coastal fish, that is fished throughout subtropical and temperate coastal waters around the world. Despite its large economic potential, there are no global data on its genetic diversity, which could compromise the conservation of the species. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic-evolutionary structuring of the species, with the intention of evaluating different genetic P. saltatrix stocks that may indicate potential species. Based on 157 Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1 sequences, the molecular delimitation analyses of species (distance and coalescence methods), as well as the haplotype network, found profound geographic structuring related to five distinct units with high and significant FST pairwise values. The divergence of these molecular units is mostly related to the Pleistocene glacial and interglacial cycles of climatic oscillations. It is hypothesized that one ancestral lineage, adapted to cold water environments, diversified into two lineages, with one more adapted to warmer environments. The high values of global genetic diversity (π = 0.016; h = 0.96) may be related to the existing profound genetic differentiation. Due to the presence of five Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) within the species it is necessary to employ different regional management strategies. Traits of low haplotype richness and shallow population contraction were identified in the MOTUs V (Venezuela and Brazil) and III (Turkey and Australia), respectively, representing conservation priorities. Other molecular markers, as well as morphological data, should be explored with the aim of defining the taxonomic status of P. saltatrix stocks.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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