Hostname: page-component-76d6cb85b7-pn7tm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-07-13T11:38:27.203Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bilingual education success, but policy failure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2008

Nancy H. Hornberger
Nancy H. Hornberger
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In 1977, a bilingual education project began in rural areas of Puno, Peru, as a direct result of Peru's 1972 Education Reform. This paper presents results of an ethnographic and sociolinguistic study comparing Quechua language use and maintenance between: 1) a bilingual education school and community, and 2) a nonbilingual education school and community. Classroom observation indicated a significant change in teacher–pupil language use and an improvement in pupil participation in the bilingual education school. Community observation and interviews indicated that community members both valued and used their language. Yet the project has had difficulties expanding or even maintaining its implementation. (Quechua; Puno, Peru; Peru; Andes; bilingual education; classroom language use; ethnography; sociolinguistics; community development; language planning; language maintenance; educational policy)

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Language in Society , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , June 1987 , pp. 205 - 226
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Alfaro Lagoria, C., & Zegarra Ballón, L. (1976). Peru: Institutionalizing Quechua. Prospects: Quarterly Review of Education 6(3): 424–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro Pozo, H. (1963). Social and economico-political evolution of the communities of Central Peru. In Steward, J. H. (ed.), Handbook of South American Indians. New York: Cooper Square. 483–500.Google Scholar
Comercio (1975). El Gobierno Revolucionario oficializó la lengua Quechua. Lima, Peru. 05 28, p. 1.Google Scholar
Comisión Implementadora del Decreto Ley 21156 (1975). Significación y alcance cultural de la oficialización del Quechua como lengua de la República. Lima, Peru.Google Scholar
Compendio de Decretos Leyes y Resoluciones de Educación. (1975). Lima, Peru.Google Scholar
Constitución politica del Perú (1980). Sancionada y promulgada por la Asamblea Constituyente el 12 de julio de 1979 en plena vigencia a partir del 28 de julio de 1980. Lima, Peru.Google Scholar
Escobar, A. (1978). “Alfabetizar” y “castellanizar” en el Perú. Primer Seminario de Educación Bilingüe: algunos estudios y ponencias. Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Educación. 35–41.Google Scholar
Escribens, A. (1978). Monolingüismo y bilingüismo: lengua vernácula y castellano con especial referencia al area andina. Primer Seminario de Educación Bilingüe: algunos estudios y ponencias. Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Educación. 23–33.Google Scholar
Fishman, J. A. (1982). Sociolinguistic foundations of bilingual education. The Bilingual Review/La revista bilingüe 9(1):1–35.Google Scholar
Gaarder, B. A. (1977). Language maintenance or language shift. In Mackey, W. F. & Andersson, T. (eds.), Bilingualism in early childhood. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. 409–34.Google Scholar
Gade, D. W. (1975). Plants, man and land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk B.V.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hornberger, N. H. (1985). Bilingual education and Quechua language maintenance in Highland Puno, Peru. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar
Kloss, H. (1966). German-American language maintenance efforts. In Fishman, J. A. (ed.), Language loyalty in the United States. The Hague: Mouton. 206–52.Google Scholar
Ministerio de Educación (1970). Reforma de la educación peruana: informe general. Lima, Peru: Editorial Universo.Google Scholar
Ministerio de Educación (1972). Política Nacional de educación bilingüe. Lima, Peru (reprint: Cusco, Peru).Google Scholar
Ministerio de Educación (1978). Primer Seminario de Educación Bilingüe: algunos estudios y ponencias. Lima, Peru.Google Scholar
Mishkin, B. (1963). The contemporary Quechua. In Steward, J. H. (ed.), Handbook of South American Indians. New York: Cooper Square. 411–70.Google Scholar
Murra, J. V. (1975). Formaciones económicas y políticas del mundo andino. Lima, Peru: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Paulston, C. B. (1978). Education in a bi/multilingual setting. International Review of Education 24(3): 309–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philips, S. U. (1983). The invisible culture: Communication in classroom and community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Pozzi-Escot, I. (1978). El uso de la lengua vernácula en la educación. Primer Seminario de Educación Bilingüe: algunos estudios y ponencias. Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Educación. 43–54.Google Scholar
Proyecto Experimental de Educación Bilingüe (1980). Plan Operativo 1980: bases y elementos de planificación del PEEB – Puno. (1980). Lima, Peru: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Educación (INIDE).Google Scholar
Proyecto Experimental de Educación Bilingüe (1981). Plan de Operaciones. Elaboración, experimentación y validación de un modelo de educación bilingüe – Puno. Lima, Peru: INIDE.Google Scholar
Proyecto Experimental de Educación Bilingüe (1982a). Modelo de educación bilingüe – Puno (documento de trabajo). Puno, Peru. December.Google Scholar
Proyecto Experimental de Educación Bilingüe (1982b). Plan de Operaciones. Lima, Peru: INIDE.Google Scholar
Proyecto Experimental de Educación Bilingüe (1983). Plan de Operaciones. Lima, Peru: INIDE.Google Scholar
Rowe, J. H. (1963). Inca culture at the time of the Spanish conquest. In Steward, J. H. (ed.), Handbook of South American Indians. New York: Cooper Square. 183–330.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R. (1984). Orientations in language planning. NABE Journal: Journal of the National Association for Bilingual Education 8(2): 15–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, J. M. & Coulthard, M. (1975). Towards an analysis of discourse: The English used by teachers and pupils. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tschopik, H. (1963). The Aymara. In Steward, J. H. (ed.), Handbook of South American Indians. New York: Cooper Square. 501–74.Google Scholar