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Exploring photosymbiotic ecology of planktic foraminifers from chamber-by-chamber isotopic history of individual foraminifers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2015

Haruka Takagi ,
Kazuyoshi Moriya ,
Toyoho Ishimura ,
Atsushi Suzuki ,
Hodaka Kawahata  and
Hiromichi Hirano
Haruka Takagi
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan. E-mail: harurah-t@fuji.waseda.jp
Kazuyoshi Moriya
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, School of Education, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
Toyoho Ishimura
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
Atsushi Suzuki
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
Hodaka Kawahata
Affiliation:
Atmospheric Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Hiromichi Hirano
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, School of Education, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
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Abstract

Evolution of photosymbiotic ecology is an important adaptation for planktic foraminifers that enhances the ecological advantage of living in oligotrophic oceans. Therefore, detecting photosymbiotic ecology in fossil species is one of the keys to understanding the paleobiodiversity dynamics of planktic foraminifers. Because foraminiferal tests record the ontogenetic history of ecological information in geochemical signatures, analyzing individual geochemical profiles with growth can reveal a species’ ecology. This study examined chamber-by-chamber stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) of foraminiferal individuals to identify photosymbiotic signals. We observed an ontogenetic δ13C increase of up to 2.4‰, accompanied by relatively stable, negative δ18O, in the symbiotic species Globigerinoides conglobatus and Globigerinoides sacculifer. In contrast, δ13C and δ18O showed significant positive correlation during ontogeny in the asymbiotic species Globorotalia truncatulinoides. These two ecological groups produce contrasting isotopic profiles, thereby allowing us to use our ontogenetic isotopic analyses of individual specimens to identify algal photosymbiosis in fossil foraminifers. The chamber-by-chamber isotope analyses with individual ontogeny have great advantages in analyzing rare species because only one individual is required to describe ontogenetic isotopic history. In addition to photosymbiotic identification, our methods hold great potential to provide new insight into species paleoecological studies such as the ontogenetic history of calcification depth.

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Articles
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Paleobiology , Volume 41 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 108 - 121
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Copyright © 2015 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved. 

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