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Fabrication of tapered, conical-shaped titania nanotubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

G.K. Mor ,
Oomman K. Varghese ,
Maggie Paulose ,
Niloy Mukherjee  and
Craig A. Grimes
G.K. Mor
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Oomman K. Varghese
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Maggie Paulose
Affiliation:
Sentechbiomed Corporation, State College, Pennsylvania 16803
Niloy Mukherjee
Affiliation:
Sentechbiomed Corporation, State College, Pennsylvania 16803
Craig A. Grimes*
Affiliation:
Departments of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: cgrimes@engr.psu.edu
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Abstract

Using anodic oxidation with a time-dependent linearly varying anodization voltage, we have made films of tapered, conical-shaped titania nanotubes. The tapered, conical-shaped nanotubes were obtained by anodizing titanium foil in a 0.5% hydrofluoric acid electrolyte, with the anodization voltage linearly increased from 10-23 V at rates varying from 2.0-0.43 V/min. The linearly increasing anodization voltage results in a linearly increasing nanotube diameter, with the outcome being an array of conical-shaped nanotubes approximately 500 nm in length. Evidence provided by scanning electron-microscope images of the titanium substrate during the initial stages of the anodization process enabled us to propose a mechanism of nanotube formation.

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Articles
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Journal of Materials Research , Volume 18 , Issue 11 , November 2003 , pp. 2588 - 2593
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

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