Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-mmrw7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-07T09:57:13.380Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biology and Life Cycle of Purple and Yellow Nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

E. W. Stoller  and
R. D. Sweet
E. W. Stoller
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Dep. Agron., Univ. Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
R. D. Sweet
Affiliation:
Dep. Veg. Crops, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Yellow and purple nutsedges (Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES and C. rotundus L. # CYPRO) are herbaceous perennial weeds that are among the worst pests known. Holm et al. list purple nutsedge as the world's worst weed and yellow nutsedge as the sixteenth worst weed. Both weeds infest crop production areas in tropical and temperate climates, causing large losses in crop yields. While both species proliferate in the warm regions of the world, yellow nutsedge inhabits a wider range than purple nutsedge in the temperate areas, primarily because yellow nutsedge can tolerate colder temperatures. With such an extended range of habitation, many ecotypic variations of these species would be expected since they likely have adjusted to a multitude of local environments.

Information

Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , January 1987 , pp. 66 - 73
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Literature Cited

1. Andrews, F. W. 1940. A study of nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) in the cotton soil of the Gezira. I. The maintenance of life in the tuber. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 4:177–193.Google Scholar
2. Andrews, F. W. 1946. A study of nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) in the cotton soil of the Gezira. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 10:15–30.Google Scholar
3. Bell, R. S., Lachman, W. H., Rahn, E. M., and Sweet, R. D. 1962. Life history studies as related to weed control in the Northeast. I. Nutgrass. Rhode Island Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 364.Google Scholar
4. Bendixen, L. E. 1970. Altering growth form to precondition yellow nutsedge for control. Weed Sci. 18:599–603.Google Scholar
5. Bendixen, L. E. 1973. Anatomy and sprouting of yellow nutsedge tubers. Weed Sci. 21:501–503.Google Scholar
6. Bhardwaj, R.B.L., and Verma, R. D. 1968. Seasonal development of nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) under Delhi conditions. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 38:950–957.Google Scholar
7. Boldt, P. F., Yip, C. P., and Sweet, R. D. 1976. Phenotypic studies of five New York yellow nutsedge selections. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 155.Google Scholar
8. Costa, J., and Appleby, A. P. 1976. Response of two yellow nutsedge varieties to three herbicides. Weed Sci. 24:54–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Davis, C. H. 1942. Response of Cyperus rotundus L. to five moisture levels. Plant Physiol. 17:311–316.Google Scholar
10. Davis, C. H., and Hawkins, R. S. 1943. Eradication and control of nutgrass. Ariz. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 189.Google Scholar
11. Day, B. E., and Russell, R. C. 1955. The effect of drying on survival of nutgrass tubers. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 751.Google Scholar
12. Drost, D. C., and Doll, J. D. 1980. The allelopathic effect of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) on corn (Zea mays) and soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 28:229–333.Google Scholar
13. Garg, D. K., Bendixen, L. E., and Anderson, S. R. 1967. Rhizome differentiation in yellow nutsedge. Weeds 15:124–128.Google Scholar
14. Hammerton, J. L. 1974. Experiments with Cyperus rotundus L. I. Growth and development and effects of 2,4-D and paraquat. Weed Res. 14:365–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Hammerton, J. L. 1975. Experiments with Cyperus rotundus L. II. Effects of some herbicides and growth regulators. Weed Res. 15:177–183.Google Scholar
16. Hammerton, J. L. 1975. Experiments with Cyperus rotundus L. III. Season variations in growth. Weed Res. 15:339–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Hauser, E. W. 1962. Establishment of nutsedge from space-planted tubers. Weeds 10:209–212.Google Scholar
18. Hauser, E. W. 1962. Development of purple nutsedge under field conditions. Weeds 10:315–321.Google Scholar
19. Hill, E. R., Lachman, W. H., and Maynard, D. N. 1963. Reproductive potential of yellow nutsedge by seed. Weeds 11:160–161.Google Scholar
20. Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Univ. Press Hawaii, Honolulu. p. 125–133.Google Scholar
21. Horowitz, M. 1965. Data on the biology and chemical control of the nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in Israel. PANS (Pest Artic. News Summ.) 11(4):389–416.Google Scholar
22. Horowitz, M. 1972. Effect of growth regulators on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., and Cyperus rotundus L. Weed Res. 12:11–20.Google Scholar
23. Horowitz, M. 1972. Growth, tuber formation and spread of Cyperus rotundus from single tubers. Weed Res. 12:348–363.Google Scholar
24. Jangaard, N. O., Sckerl, M. M., and Schieferstein, R. H. 1971. The role of phenolics and abscisic acid in nutsedge tuber dormancy. Weed Sci. 19:17–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Jansen, L. L. 1971. Morphology and photoperiodic responses of yellow nutsedge. Weed Sci. 19:210–219.Google Scholar
26. Jordan-Molero, J. E., and Stoller, E. W. 1978. Seasonal development of yellow and purple nutsedges (Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus) in Illinois. Weed Sci. 26:614–618.Google Scholar
27. Justice, O. L., and Whitehead, M. D. 1946. Seed production, viability, and dormancy in the nutgrasses Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus . J. Agric. Res. 73:303–318.Google Scholar
28. Keeley, P. E., and Thullen, R. J. 1978. Light requirements of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and light interception by crops. Weed Sci. 26:10–16.Google Scholar
29. Loustalot, A. J., Muzik, T. J., and Crazado, H. J. 1954. Studies on nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) and its control. Puerto Rico Fed. Bull. No. 52. Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.Google Scholar
30. MacMahon, P. 1899. Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus). Queensl. Agric. J. 5:460–465.Google Scholar
31. Mulligan, G. A., and Junkins, B. E. 1976. The biology of Canadian weeds. 17. Cyperus esculentus L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 56:339–350.Google Scholar
32. Nishimoto, R. K., Yip, C. P., and Sweet, R. D. 1978. Some factors influencing atrazine activity on yellow nutsedge. Weed Sci. 26:421–424.Google Scholar
33. Nyahoza, F. 1973. Studies of the biology of Cyperus rotundus L. early growth and vegetative reproduction strategy. E. Afr. Agric. For. J. 17:120–130.Google Scholar
34. Palmer, R. D. 1964. Sprouting and growth of purple nutsedge tubers. Miss. Agric. Exp. Stn. Inf. Sheet 872.Google Scholar
35. Palmer, R. D., and Porter, W. K. Jr. 1959. The metabolism of nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.). I. The influence of various oxygen and carbon dioxide levels upon germination and respiration. Weeds 7:481–489.Google Scholar
36. Palmer, R. D., and Porter, W. K. Jr. 1959. The metabolism of nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.). II. The respiratory quotient and its relation to storage materials and some terminal enzymes. Weeds 7:490–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37. Patterson, D. T. 1982. Shading responses of purple and yellow nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus). Weed Sci. 30:25–30.Google Scholar
38. Ranade, S. B., and Burns, W. 1925. The eradication of Cyperus rotundus L. (A study in pure and applied botany.) Mem. Dep. Agric. India Bot. Ser. 13:99–192.Google Scholar
39. Rao, J. S., and Nagarajan, M. 1962. Relationship between moisture levels and viability of nutgrass tubers. Madras Agric. J. 49:120–123.Google Scholar
40. Sanchez-Tames, R., Gesto, M.D.V., and Vieitez, E. 1973. Growth substances isolated from tubers of Cyperus esculentus var. aureus . Physiol. Plant. 28:195–200.Google Scholar
41. Sierra, J. N. 1974. Some observations on the sprouting capacity of Cyperus rotundus tubers. Philipp. Weed Sci. Bull. 1:30–34.Google Scholar
42. Smith, E. V., and Fick, G. L. 1937. Nutgrass eradication studies: I. Relation of the life history of nutgrass, Cyperus rotundus L., to possible methods of control. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 29:1007–1013.Google Scholar
43. Stoller, E. W. 1973. Effect of minimum soil temperature on differential distribution of Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus in the United States. Weed Res. 13:209–217.Google Scholar
44. Stoller, E. W. 1981. Yellow nutsedge: A menace in the Corn Belt. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1642.Google Scholar
45. Stoller, E. W., Nema, D. P., and Bhan, V. M. 1972. Yellow nutsedge tuber germination and seedling development. Weed Sci. 20:93–97.Google Scholar
46. Stoller, E. W., and Wax, L. M. 1973. Yellow nutsedge shoot emergence and tuber longevity. Weed Sci. 21:76–81.Google Scholar
47. Stoller, E. W., Wax, L. M., and Slife, F. W. 1979. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) competition and control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 27:32–37.Google Scholar
48. Stoller, E. W., and Weber, E. J. 1975. Differential cold tolerance, starch, sugar, protein, and lipid of yellow and purple nutsedge tubers. Plant Physiol. 55:859–863.Google Scholar
49. Stoller, E. W., and Woolley, J. T. 1983. The effects of light and temperature on yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) basal-bulb formation. Weed Sci. 31:148–152.Google Scholar
50. Taylorson, R. B. 1967. Seasonal variation in sprouting and available carbohydrate in yellow nutsedge tubers. Weeds 15:22–24.Google Scholar
51. Teo, C.K.H., Bendixen, L. E., and Nishimoto, R. K. 1973. Bud sprouting and growth of purple nutsedge altered by benzyladenine. Weed Sci. 21:19–23.Google Scholar
52. Thomas, P.E.L. 1967. A preliminary study on the dormancy of Cyperus esculentus tubers. PANS (Pest Artic. News Summ.) 13:329–333.Google Scholar
53. Thomas, P.E.L. 1969. Effects of desiccation and temperature on survival of Cyperus esculentus tubers and Cynodon dactylon rhizomes. Weed Res. 9:1–8.Google Scholar
54. Thomas, P.E.L., and Henson, I. E. 1968. Influence of climate and soil moisture on tuber dormancy of Cyperus esculentus . PANS (Pest Artic. News Summ.) 14:271–276.Google Scholar
55. Thullen, R. J., and Keeley, P. E. 1975. Yellow nutsedge sprouting and resprouting potential. Weed Sci. 23:333–337.Google Scholar
56. Thullen, R. J., and Keeley, P. E. 1979. Seed germination and germination in Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus . Weed Sci. 27:502–505.Google Scholar
57. Tripathi, R. S. 1969. Ecology of Cyperus rotundus L. III. Population of tubers at different depths of the soil and their sprouting response to air drying. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., India 39:140–142.Google Scholar
58. Tumbleson, M. E., and Kommedahl, T. 1961. Reproductive potential of Cyperus esculentus by tubers. Weeds 9:646–653.Google Scholar
59. Tumbleson, M. E., and Kommedahl, T. 1962. Factors affecting dormancy in tubers of Cyperus esculentus . Bot. Gaz. 123:186–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60. Waters, W. E. 1965. Influence of hot-water on viability of Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus tubers. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 78:437–440.Google Scholar
61. William, R. D. 1976. Purple nutsedge: Tropical scourage. Hort-Science 11:357–364.Google Scholar
62. Williams, R. D. 1978. Photoperiod effects on the reproductive biology of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Weed Sci. 26:539–542.Google Scholar
63. Williams, R. D. 1982. Growth and reproduction of Cyperus esculentus L. and Cyperus rotundus L. Weed Res. 22:149–154.Google Scholar
64. Wills, G. D. 1975. Effect of light and temperature on growth of purple nutsedge. Weeds Sci. 23:93–96.Google Scholar
65. Wills, G. D. 1978. Initial evaluations of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) ecotypes. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 40.Google Scholar
66. Wills, G. D., and Briscoe, G. A. 1970. Anatomy of purple nutsedge. Weed Sci. 18:631–635.Google Scholar
67. Wills, G. D., Hoagland, R. E., and Paul, R. N. 1980. Anatomy of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Weed Sci. 28:432–437.Google Scholar
68. Yip, C. P., and Sweet, R. D. 1978. Biotypes of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.): I. Morphological characteristics. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 127.Google Scholar
69. Yip, C. P., and Sweet, R. D. 1978. Biotypes of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.): II. Tuber dormancy and responses to photoperiod and herbicides. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 128.Google Scholar