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⁴ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/31–46.

⁵ Scott, D., ‘Sir John Hotham (1589–1645)’ and ‘John Hotham (1610–1645)’, ODNB; Stirling, The Hothams, I, pp. 25–26Google Scholar.

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¹² Scott, ‘Sir John Hotham’.

¹³ The governor in 1640–1641 was Sir Thomas Glemham: Stirling, The Hothams, I, p. 38.

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²¹ Saltmarshe, History and Chartulary of the Hothams, p. 112; HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/8.

²² Binns, The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley, p. 131.

²³ Stirling, The Hothams, I, pp. 96–97.

²⁴ Fletcher, A., Reform in the Provinces: the government of Stuart England (New Haven, 1986), p. 100Google Scholar.

²⁵ The North Riding numbered 120,000 and the West Riding 220,000: Purdy, J.D., Yorkshire Hearth Tax Returns, Studies in Regional and Local History, 7 (University of Hull, 1991), pp. 50Google Scholar, 69, 95, 123. Barbara English advanced the more conservative estimate of 53,000 as the population of the East Riding in 1600: English, Great Landowners, p. 3.

²⁶ English, Great Landowners, pp. 2–3.

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²⁹ Purdy, Yorkshire Hearth Tax Returns, p. 129.

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³¹ Forster, The East Riding Justices of the Peace, p. 30.

³² Allison, K.J. (ed.), The Victoria History of the County of York, East Riding. Vol. VI: the borough and liberties of Beverley (Oxford, 1989), pp. 178–179Google Scholar.

³³ ERRO, BC II 7/4/1: Beverley Minute Book 1597–1660, fo. 74v.

³⁴ Purdy, Yorkshire Hearth Tax Returns, p. 129.

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³⁸ Fletcher, A., The Outbreak of the English Civil War (London, 1981), p. 185Google Scholar; Armstrong, R., ‘The Long Parliament goes to war: the Irish campaigns, 1641–3’, Historical Research, 80 (2007), pp. 88, 90Google Scholar.

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⁴¹ Marchant, R.A., The Puritans and the Church Courts in the Diocese of York, 1560–1642 (London, 1960), pp. 102Google Scholar, 268, 275, 282, 293.

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⁴³ BL, Birch MS 4,460, fos 34–35; Cox, J.C., ‘Parliamentary survey of the benefices of the East Riding’, TERAS, 2 (1894), p. 33Google Scholar.

⁴⁴ Cliffe, The Yorkshire Gentry, p. 262.

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⁴⁶ For details of these gentlemen, see Appendix II.

⁴⁷ LJ, IV, p. 662.

⁴⁸ Gent, Gent's History of Hull, p. 145; Reckitt, Charles the First and Hull, pp. 27–34.

⁴⁹ Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Osborn Shelves, fb87, fo. 62r–v.

⁵⁰ BL, TT E200(45), A learned speech made by the right worshipfull Sir John Hotham (London, 27 May 1642); W.C. Trevelyan and C.E. Trevelyan (eds), Trevelyan Papers, Part III, Camden Society, first series, 105 (1872), p. 223.

⁵¹ CJ, II, pp. 617, 622.

⁵² House of Lords MS, HMC, 5th Report, Part I, Report and Appendix (London, 1876), p. 19; CJ, II, p. 551.

⁵³ Verney MS, HMC, 7th Report, Part I, Report and Appendix (London, 1879), p. 438.

⁵⁴ Bodl. MS Clarendon XXI, fo. 79.

⁵⁵ The Parliamentary or Constitutional History of England, 24 vols (London, 1751–1761), XI, p. 61.

⁵⁶ Reckitt, Charles the First and Hull, p. 45; CJ, II, pp. 587–588; Saltmarshe, History and Chartulary of the Hothams, p. 124; Sheahan, J.J., History of the Town and Port of Kingston-upon-Hull (2nd edn, Beverley, 1866), p. 141Google Scholar; BL, TT E107(31), Terrible news from Hull: concerning a great conspiracy which was intended against Sir John Hotham (London, 20 July 1642).

⁵⁷ BL, TT E256(45), A perfect diurnall of some passages in parliament, 2–9 December 1644 (London, 1644), p. 560; BL, TT E67(22), Certaine informations from severall parts of the kingdome, 11–18 September 1643 (London, 1643), p. 268; Reckitt, Charles the First and Hull, pp. 49–52; HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/35; Macray, The History of the Rebellion, II, pp. 257–267.

⁵⁸ BL, TT E154(34), Terrible and true newes from Beverley and the city of Yorke (London, 1642), p. 1: LJ, V, p. 217.

⁵⁹ TNA, SP 28/138/4; J.R. Powell and E.K. Timings (eds), Documents Relating to the Civil War, 1642–1648, Navy Records Society, 105 (1963), p. 24.

⁶⁰ Reckitt, Charles the First and Hull, pp. 54–61; Duckett, G., ‘Civil war proceedings in Yorkshire’, YAJ, 7 (1882), p. 398Google Scholar; Broxap, E., ‘The sieges of Hull during the great civil war’, English Historical Review, 20 (1905), pp. 457–473CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶¹ BL, TT E240(20), A perfect diurnall of the passages in parliament, 26 September–3 October 1642 (London, 1642); BL, TT E119(29), Fourteen articles of peace propounded to the king and parliament by the gentry and commonalty of the county of York (London, 4 October 1642); Woolrych, A., ‘Yorkshire's treaty of neutrality’, History Today, 6 (1956), pp. 700–703Google Scholar.

⁶² BL, TT E121(32), The declaration of Captain Hotham sent to the parliament (London, 1642); BL, TT E121(45), A true & exact relation [. . .] also a protestation of Master Hotham, and divers other knights and gentlemen, against the 14. articles of pacification, and neutrality (London, 12 October 1642), p. 14; BL, TT E240(30), Reasons why Sir John Hotham, trusted by the parliament, cannot in honour agree to the treaty of pacification made by some gentlemen of York-shire at Rothwell, Sept. 29. 1642 (London, 1642), p. 3.

⁶³ Sutherland MS, HMC, 5th Report, Appendix, p. 191.

⁶⁴ Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Osborn Shelves b101, The commonplace book of Ralph Assheton of Kirkby Grange; Bodl. MS Fairfax XXXVI, fo. 5r; BL, TT E126(1), Speciall passages, 25 October–1 November 1642 (London, 1642), p. 102.

⁶⁵ YML, CWT, 42-12-20, An exact and true relation of a bloody fight (London, 1642); BL, Add. MS 18,979, fo. 129r–v; Parsons, The Diary of Sir Henry Slingsby, p. 86.

⁶⁶ Hopper, ‘Black Tom’, pp. 37–39.

⁶⁷ BL, TT E86(5), The kingdoms weekly intelligencer, 17–24 January 1643 (London, 1643), p. 29; BL, TT E86(40), The kingdoms weekly intelligencer, 24–31 January 1643 (London, 1643).

⁶⁸ CJ, II, p. 920.

⁶⁹ Rushworth, J., Historical Collections (London, 1691), Part III, II, p. 64Google Scholar; BL, Add. MS 18,979, fo. 127r.

⁷⁰ CJ, II, p. 923.

⁷¹ BL, Add. MS 18,979, fo. 131; BL, Add. MS 34,195, fo. 35.

⁷² Binns, The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley, p. 126.

⁷³ BL, Harleian MS 164, fo. 285r.

⁷⁴ Bell, R. (ed.), The Fairfax Correspondence: memorials of the civil war, 2 vols (London, 1849), II, p. 36Google Scholar.

⁷⁵ BL, TT E85(15), The kingdomes weekly intelligencer, 10–17 January 1643 (London, 1643), p. 22; BL, TT E86(3), Speciall passages, 17–24 January 1643 (London, 1643), p. 198; BL, TT E86(7), The kingdomes weekly intelligencer, 17–24 January 1643 (London, 1643), pp. 301–302; P.W. Thomas (ed.), The English Revolution III, Newsbooks I, Oxford Royalist, 4 vols (London, 1971), II, pp. 21, 28; BL, TT E246(26), Mercurius aulicus, 5–11 February 1643 (Oxford, 1643).

⁷⁶ Macray, The History of the Rebellion, III, pp. 526–529.

⁷⁷ CJ, II, p. 40; J.R. Boyle (ed.), Memoirs of Master John Shawe, Sometime Vicar of Rotherham, Minister of St Mary's, Lecturer at Holy Trinity Church, and Master of the Charterhouse, at Kingston-upon-Hull. Written by himself in the year 1663–1664 (Hull, 1882), p. 26; J. Shaw, ‘The life of Master John Shaw’, in C. Jackson (ed.), Yorkshire Diaries and Autobiographies in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Surtees Society, 65 (1875), Appendix, p. 369.

⁷⁸ Bodl. MS Fairfax XXXVI, fo. 7v.

⁷⁹ Binns, The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley, pp. 126–127; Tickell, J., History of the Town and County of Kingston-upon-Hull (Hull, 1798), p. 465Google Scholar.

⁸⁰ BL, Harleian MS 164, fo. 318v; CJ, II, p. 995.

⁸¹ BL, Harleian MS 164, fo. 337r.

⁸² Portland MS, HMC, 29, 13th Report, Appendix, Part I, I, p. 90; YML, CWT, 43-01-18, Newes from Yorke. Being a true relation of the proceedings of Sir Hugh Cholmley (London, 1643).

⁸³ Binns, The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley, pp. 143–146; idem, ‘A Place of Great Importance’: Scarborough in the civil wars, 1640–1660 (Preston, 1996), pp. 89–99; BL, TT E95(9), A True and Exact Relation of All the Proceedings of Sir Hugh Cholmleys Revolt (London, 7 April 1643).

⁸⁴ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 40r.

⁸⁵ Ibid., fo. 42v.

⁸⁶ BL, TT E100(18), Mercurius aulicus, 16–22 April 1643 (Oxford, 1643), p. 205.

⁸⁷ Sir Christopher Wray was Hotham's brother-in-law: Binns, The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley, p. 127.

⁸⁸ The horse comprised the troops of John Hotham, Sir John Hotham (commanded by Major Lowinger), Sir Edward Rodes, Sir Matthew Boynton, and Captain Bethell. The foot were Hull greycoats under Captain Purefoy: TNA, SP 28/300/441; Holmes, C., Seventeenth-century Lincolnshire (Lincoln, 1980), p. 163Google Scholar.

⁸⁹ BL, TT E100(18), Mercurius aulicus, 16–22 April 1643 (Oxford, 1643), pp. 194–196.

⁹⁰ Portland MS, HMC, 29, 13th Report, Appendix, Part I, supplement, I, pp. 707–708.

⁹¹ Holmes, Seventeenth-century Lincolnshire, pp. 164–166; Holmes, C., ‘Colonel King and Lincolnshire politics, 1642–1646’, Historical Journal, 16 (1973), p. 483CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁹³ BL, Add. MS 18,980, fo. 69r.

⁹⁴ BL, Add. MS 18,979, fos 141r–142v; N.H. Keeble (ed.), Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson (London, 1995), pp. 108–109.

⁹⁵ Bickley, F. (ed.), A Report on the Manuscripts of the Late Reginald Rawdon Hastings Esq., HMC, 78, 4 vols (London, 1928–1947), II, p. 103Google Scholar.

⁹⁶ CJ, III, p. 138.

⁹⁷ Stirling, The Hothams, I, pp. 79–80; Keeble, Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson, p. 109; BL, TT E21(16), Mercurius civicus: London's intelligencer, 5–12 December 1644 (London, 1644), pp. 744–745, 749.

⁹⁸ Green, M.A.E. (ed.), The Letters of Queen Henrietta Maria (London, 1857), pp. 191Google Scholar, 220–221; BL, TT E292(27), The kings cabinet opened (London, 1645), p. 33.

⁹⁹ BL, Harleian MS 164, fo. 234r–v.

¹⁰⁰ CJ, III, p. 146.

¹⁰¹ By ‘that Anabaptist’, Sir John Hotham clearly meant Oliver Cromwell: BL, Harleian MS 165, fo. 107r; BL, Add. MS 44,848, fo. 287.

¹⁰² Stirling, The Hothams, I, p. 81.

¹⁰³ BL, TT E249(24), A perfect diurnal of some passages in parliament, 3–10 July 1643 (London, 1643), p. 10; BL, Egerton MS 2,647, fo. 9.

¹⁰⁴ Tickell, History of Hull, pp. 458–460.

¹⁰⁵ BL, TT E51(11), Hull's managing of the kingdom's cause (London, 1644), pp. 9–10; Stirling, The Hothams, I, p. 81.

¹⁰⁶ BL, TT E59(2), A true relation of the discovery of a most desperate and dangerous plot, for the delivering up, and surprising of the townes of Hull and Beverley (London, 4 July 1643), pp. 3–5; Binns, The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley, p. 129; Reckitt, Charles the First and Hull, p. 82.

¹⁰⁷ Reckitt, Charles the First and Hull, p. 85; Bodl., MS Tanner LXII, fo. 138.

¹⁰⁸ HHC: C BRS/7/67; Bodl., MS Tanner LXII, fo. 154.

¹⁰⁹ BL, TT E61(16) Certain informations, 17–24 July 1643 (London, 1643), pp. 209–210.

¹¹⁰ BL, Harleian MS 165, fos 117v, 153v–154r.

¹¹¹ CJ, III, p. 218.

¹¹² Ibid., p. 230.

¹¹³ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 77r; BL, Harleian MS 165, fos 170r–172r; BL, TT E67(22), Certaine informations, p. 268.

¹¹⁴ BL, Harleian MS 165, fos 172r, 175r–176r; BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 77v; CJ, III, p. 262.

¹¹⁵ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 83r.

¹¹⁶ Ibid., fo. 95v.

¹¹⁷ CJ, III, pp. 387–389; BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 114r.

¹¹⁸ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 142r–v; BL, TT E252(41), A perfect diurnall of some passages in parliament, 3–10 June 1644 (London, 1644), p. 355.

¹¹⁹ CJ, III, p. 562; BL, TT E54(19), A full relation of the late victory (London, 11 July 1644), p. 13.

¹²⁰ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/33.

¹²¹ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 171r.

¹²² HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/42.

¹²³ CJ, III, p. 704; BL, TT E21(2), Mercurius civicus: London's intelligencer, 28 November–5 December 1644 (London, 1644), pp. 736–738; Stirling, The Hothams, I, p. 89; BL, TT E59(2), A true relation of the discovery of a most desperate and dangerous plot, pp. 5–6; Tickell, History of Hull, pp. 465–471.

¹²⁴ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/40–41, 43.

¹²⁵ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/34–38.

¹²⁶ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/34–35; BL, TT E21(2), Mercurius civicus, pp. 736–738.

¹²⁷ BL, Sloane MS 1,519, fo. 15.

¹²⁸ Stirling, The Hothams, I, p. 90.

¹²⁹ CJ, III, p. 721.

¹³⁰ BL, TT E21(16), Mercurius civicus: London's intelligencer, 5–12 December 1644 (London, 1644), pp. 744–750; BL, TT E22(8), The weekly account, 18–24 December 1644 (London, 1644); BL, TT E22(12), Mercurius civicus: London's intelligencer, 19–26 December 1644 (London, 1644), p. 760; Scott, ‘John Hotham’.

¹³¹ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 182r–v; The Parliamentary or Constitutional History of England, XIII, pp. 357–359.

¹³² Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Osborn Shelves, fb87, fo. 62r–v.

¹³³ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 183r; Bodl., MS Tanner, LXI, fo. 212.

¹³⁴ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 183r; Stirling, The Hothams, I, p. 93; BL, TT E23(9), Mercurius civicus: London's intelligencer, 26 December–2 January 1645 (London, 1645), p. 773.

¹³⁵ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 183v.

¹³⁶ Stirling, The Hothams, I, pp. 96–97.

¹³⁷ Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Osborn Shelves, fb87, fo. 62r–v; BL, TT E24(9), Mercurius civicus: London's intelligencer, 2–9 January 1645 (London, 1645), p. 776.

¹³⁸ BL, Add. MS 31,116, fo. 209v.

¹³⁹ Scott, D., ‘The “Northern Gentlemen”, the parliamentary Independents and Anglo-Scottish relations in the Long Parliament’, Historical Journal, 42 (1999), pp. 347–375CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hopper, ‘Black Tom’, pp. 60–61.

¹⁴⁰ HHC: C BRS/7/74, BRS/7/77.

¹⁴¹ Clay, J.W. (ed.), Abstracts of Yorkshire Wills, YASRS, 9 (1890), p. 42Google Scholar.

¹⁴² BL, TT E107(32), Exceeding good newes from Beverley, Yorke, Hull and Newcastle, 20 July 1642 (London, 1642), pp. 3–5.

¹⁴³ BL, TT E244(15), A perfect diurnall of the passages in parliament, 12–19 December 1642 (London, 1642); Portland MS, HMC, 29, 13th Report, Appendix, Part I, I, p. 67; CJ, II, p. 863.

¹⁴⁴ Bodl., MS Tanner LXII, fo. 155.

¹⁴⁵ BL, Egerton MS 2,647, fo. 29.

¹⁴⁶ Binns, The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley, pp. 128, 131; Whitelocke, B., Memorials of English Affairs, 4 vols (Oxford, 1853), I, p. 206Google Scholar; Cliffe, The Yorkshire Gentry, pp. 313, 382.

¹⁴⁷ Gardiner, S.R., History of the Great Civil War, 1642–1649, 4 vols (London, 1904), I, p. 105Google Scholar; Cliffe, The Yorkshire Gentry, p. 346.

¹⁴⁸ Macray, The History of the Rebellion, II, p. 258.

¹⁴⁹ BL, TT E239(6), A soveraign antidote to prevent appease, and determine our unnaturall and destructive civill-wars and dissentions (London, 18 August 1642), p. 23; BL, TT E122(24), A declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament (London, 17 October 1642); BL, TT E240(40), A perfect diurnall of the passages in parliament, 10–17 October 1642 (London, 1642), p. 8; BL, TT E242(19), England's memorable accidents, 14–21 November 1642 (London, 1642), p. 87; BL, TT E127(48), The effect of all letters read in the House of Parliament, 14–23 November 1642 (London, 1642); BL, TT E90(12), Special passages, 14–21 February 1643 (London, 1643), p. 232; BL, TT E90(16), A continuation of certaine speciall and remarkable passages, 16–23 February 1643 (London, 1643); BL, TT E246(30), A perfect diurnall of the passages in parliament, 20–27 February 1643 (London, 1643).

¹⁵⁰ BL, TT E154(34), Terrible and true newes from Beverley and the city of Yorke (London, July 1642), pp. 6–7; BL, TT E153(15), True newes from Yorke. Consisting of severall matters of note, and high concernment, since the 13. of Iune (London, 1642); BL, Harleian MS 164, fo. 278r–v.

¹⁵¹ Bodl., MS Carte VI, fo. 11; Bodl., MS Clarendon XXIV, fo. 24v; Whitelocke, Memorials of English Affairs, I, p. 206; Macray, The History of the Rebellion, II, pp. 261–263.

¹⁵² CJ, III, p. 704; Hopper, ‘Black Tom’, p. 153.

¹⁵³ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/34.

¹⁵⁴ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/35.

¹⁵⁵ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/37–38.

¹⁵⁶ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/36.

¹⁵⁷ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/14–29.

¹⁵⁸ English, B., ‘Sir John Hotham and the English civil war’, Archives, 20 (1992), pp. 220–221Google Scholar.

¹⁵⁹ CJ, III, p. 610.

¹⁶⁰ HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/33.

¹⁶¹ Saltmarshe, History and Chartulary of the Hothams, p. 140.

¹⁶² HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/12.

¹⁶³ CJ, IV, p. 295.

¹⁶⁴ Portland MS, HMC, 29, 13th Report, Appendix, Part I, I.