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Shifting Representations: Understanding How CEO Cognitive Flexibility Fosters Digital Product Innovation in Incumbent Firms
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 January 2026
Abstract
While digital product innovation offers unprecedented opportunities for incumbent firms to create competitive advantages, its fluid and iterative nature presents distinctive cognitive challenges. There is limited empirical literature explaining the role of constructive cognitive characteristics of executives in differentiating the successful pursuit of digital product innovation. Drawing on upper echelons theory and the attention-based view, we examine how chief executive officer (CEO) cognitive flexibility enables incumbent firms to pursue digital product innovation. Through a mixed-methods approach combining a field survey of 178 machine-building firms and a scenario-based experiment with 134 participants, we demonstrate that CEOs with higher cognitive flexibility achieve superior digital product innovation outcomes by facilitating insightful information acquisition and processing. This relationship is strengthened when CEOs engage in more boundary spanning activities and when firms possess greater social capital. Our study contributes to strategic leadership research by demonstrating how CEO cognitive flexibility enables incumbent firms to navigate the cognitive demands of digital product innovation, while enriching our understanding of how adaptive attention patterns shape strategic adaptation in increasingly digitized environments.
摘要
尽管数字产品创新为在位企业创造竞争优势提供了前所未有的机遇, 但其流动性和迭代性特征带来了独特的认知挑战。然而, 现有实证文献对高管的建设性认知特征在数字产品创新成功追求中的差异化作用解释不足。本研究基于高阶梯队理论和注意力基础观(ABV), 考察了首席执行官(CE O)的认知灵活性如何使在位企业能够推进数字产品创新。通过混合研究方法, 结合对178家机械制造企业的实地调查和134名参与者的情景实验, 研究表明, 具有较高认知灵活性的CEO能够通过促进富有洞察力的信息获取和处理, 实现更优的数字产品创新成果。当CEO从事更多的边界跨越活动以及企业拥有更强的社会资本时, 这种关系得到加强。本研究通过揭示CEO认知灵活性如何使在位企业应对数字产品创新的认知需求, 对战略领导力研究做出了贡献, 同时丰富了我们对适应性注意力模式如何塑造日益数字化环境中战略适应的理解。
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- © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Association for Chinese Management Research.
References
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