Animal Groups in Three Dimensions: How Species Aggregate

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511601156

This book is about the ways in which many animals form groups; for instance, schools of fish, flocks of birds, and swarms of insects. Covering both invertebrate and vertebrate species, the authors investigate three-dimensional animal aggregations from a variety of disciplines, from physics to mathematics to biology. The first section is devoted to the various methods, mainly optical and acoustic, used to collect three-dimensional data over time. The second section focuses on analytical methods used to quantify pattern, group kinetics, and interindividual interactions within the group. The section on behavioural ecology and evolution deals with the functions of aggregative behaviour from the point of view of an inherently selfish individual member. The final section uses models to elucidate how group dynamics at the individual level creates emergent pattern at the level of the group.

‘ … worthwhile book with something in it for everyone who is interested in animal groups.’

Source: Ethology

‘ … has definite possibilities for the imaginative production of project work at the undergraduate level, using some concepts of applied mathematics and many standard techniques of calculus and statistics.’

Peter Giblin Source: The Mathematical Gazette

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi
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Contents
pp vii-xii
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List of contributors
pp xiii-xvi
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Acknowledgments
pp xvii-xviii
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1 - Introduction – From individuals to aggregations: Unifying properties, global framework, and the holy grails of congregation
pp 1-14
- By Julia K. Parrish, William M. Hamner, Charles T. Prewitt
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Part one - Imaging and measurement
pp 15-16
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2 - Methods for three-dimensional sensing of animals
pp 17-35
- By Jules S. Jaffe
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3 - Analytical and digital photogrammetry
pp 36-60
- By Jon Osborn
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4 - Acoustic visualization of three-dimensional animal aggregations in the ocean
pp 61-67
- By Charles H. Greene, Peter H. Wiebe
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5 - Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of bird flocks
pp 68-89
- By Frank Heppner
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6 - Three-dimensional measurements of swarming mosquitoes: A probabilistic model, measuring system, and example results
pp 90-104
- By Terumi Ikawa, Hidehiko Okabe
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Part two - Analysis
pp 105-106
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7 - Quantitative analysis of animal movements in congregations
pp 107-112
- By Peter Turchin
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8 - Movements of animals in congregations: An Eulerian analysis of bark beetle swarming
pp 113-125
- By Peter Turchin, Gregory Simmons
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9 - Individual decisions, traffic rules, and emergent pattern in schooling fish
pp 126-142
- By Julia K. Parrish, Peter Turchin
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10 - Aggregate behavior in zooplankton: Phototactic swarming in four developmental stages of Coullana canadensis (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)
pp 143-162
- By Jeannette Yen, Elizabeth A. Bundock
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Part three - Behavioral ecology and evolution
pp 163-164
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11 - Is the sum of the parts equal to the whole: The conflict between individuality and group membership
pp 165-173
- By William M. Hamner, Julia K. Parrish
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12 - Inside or outside? Testing evolutionary predictions of positional effects
pp 174-193
- By William L. Romey
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13 - Costs and benefits as a function of group size: Experiments on a swarming mysid Paramesopodopsis rufa Fenton
pp 194-206
- By David A. Ritz
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14 - Predicting the three-dimensional structure of animal aggregations from functional considerations: The role of information
pp 207-224
- By Lawrence M. Dill, C. S. Holling, Leigh H. Palmer
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15 - Perspectives on sensory integration systems: Problems, opportunities, and predictions
pp 225-244
- By Carl R. Schilt, Kenneth S. Norris
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Part four - Models
pp 245-246
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16 - Conceptual and methodological issues in the modeling of biological aggregations
pp 247-256
- By Simon A. Levin
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17 - Schooling as a strategy for taxis in a noisy environment
pp 257-281
- By Daniel Grünbaum
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18 - Trail following as an adaptable mechanism for popular behavior
pp 282-300
- By Leah Edelstein-Keshet
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19 - Metabolic models of fish school behavior – the need for quantitative observations
pp 301-312
- By William McFarland, Akira Okubo
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20 - Social forces in animal congregations: Interactive, motivational, and sensory aspects
pp 313-336
- By Kevin Warburton
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References
pp 337-372
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Subject index
pp 373-376
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Animal Groups in Three Dimensions

How Species Aggregate

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