What do we see when we see the world around us? Given that our vision relies on the same neurobiological mechanisms, be it in Aboriginal Australia or in Western Europe, surely we all see the same thing? Maybe and maybe not. Research shows that, in the process of adaptation to the environment, our perception undergoes long-lasting changes that enhance our ability to process and respond to environmental stimuli (Goldstone, 1998; Seger & Miller, 2010). In this chapter, we will consider the effects of this perceptual learning in the domain of greatest interest to Whorf, namely categorical perception. Grounded in basic cognitive abilities, such as memory and pattern recognition, categorical perception enables us to organize the ‘kaleidoscopic flux of impressions’ via rapid discrimination between stimuli, identification of individual stimuli as members of larger categories of objects, properties, relations, and phenomena, and activation of a large amount of information about these categories that, inter alia, allows us to judge typicality of individual members and instances (Brosch et al., 2010; Harnad, 1987; Rosch, 1977, 1978).