Heritage Languages in Japan and Korea

doi:10.1017/9781108766340.007

5 - Heritage Languages in Japan and Korea

from Part I - Heritage Languages around the World

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 November 2021

Hyun-Sook Kang and

James Hye Suk Yoon

Edited by

Silvina Montrul and

Maria Polinsky

Show author details

Silvina Montrul: Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Maria Polinsky: Affiliation:
University of Maryland, College Park

Book contents

Get access

Summary

This chapter examines heritage languages in Japan and Korea, the two East Asian countries historically considered linguistically and culturally homogeneous. In consideration of the variation in conceptualizations of and approaches to heritage language, the current chapter adopts an inclusive understanding of the term “heritage language” and categorizes heritage language speakers as individuals with heritage connections and motivations, rather than limiting the designation to individuals who have a good command of the heritage language and are in regular contact with its speakers in familial and community contexts. The chapter then lays out the linguistic diversity and the patterns of language maintenance, shift, and revitalization in Japan and Korea. The chapter discusses ethnic Chinese immigrants and their settlement patterns in relation to language shift, and recent waves of immigrants and their languages in light of societal accommodations in Korea as an immigrant-receiving country. Implications of the findings and directions for future research and practice are suggested.

Keywords

Heritage language Japan Korea indigenous language immigrant language linguistic diversity

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics , pp. 111 - 128

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108766340.007 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Chapman, D. 2006. Discourses of Multicultural Coexistence (Tabunka Kyōsei) and the “Old-Comer” Korean Residents of Japan. Asian Ethnicity 7(1), 89–102.Google Scholar

DeChicchis, J. 1995. The Current State of the Ainu Language. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 16(1–2), 103–124.Google Scholar

Dubinsky, S. and Davies, W. D.. 2013. Language Conflict and Language Rights: The Ainu, Ryūkyūans, and Koreans in Japan. Japan Studies Review 16, 3–28.Google Scholar

Eom, I. S., Han, J. H., and Kim, S. J.. 1997. Sewul ilco-hwakyo pangen-cosa-poko [Report of Ilco Dialect of Seoul Hwagyo Speakers]. Cwungkwuk Emwun Yenkwu [Chinese Language Research] 5, 191–212.Google Scholar

Fishman, J. A. 2001. 300-Plus Years of Heritage Language in the United States. In Peyton, J. K., Ranard, D. A., and McGinnis, S. (eds.), Heritage Languages in America: Preserving a National Resource. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics: 81–97.Google Scholar

Fujita-Round, S. and Maher, J.. 2017. Language Policy and Education in Japan. In McCarty, T. L. and May, S. (eds.), Language Policy and Political Issues in Education. New York: Springer, 491–505.Google Scholar

Han, E. J. and Price, P. G.. 2015. Uncovering the Hidden Power of Language: Critical Race Theory, Critical Language Socialization and Multicultural Families in Korea. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 44(2), 108–131.Google Scholar

Heinrich, P. 2004. Language Planning and Language Ideology in the Ryūkyū Islands. Language Policy 3(2), 153–179.Google Scholar

Heinrich, P. 2015. Japanese Language Spread. In Heinrich, P., Miyara, S., and Shimoji, M. (eds.), Handbook of the Ryukyuan Languages: History, Structure, and Use. Berlin/Boston/Munich: De Gruyter Mouton, 593–611.Google Scholar

Hornberger, N. H. and Wang, S. C.. 2008. Who Are Our Heritage Language Learners? Identity and Biliteracy in Heritage Language Education in the United States. In Brinton, D., Kagan, O., and Bauckus, S. (eds.), Heritage Language Education: A New Field Emerging. New York: Routledge, 3–35.Google Scholar

Jo, H. H. 2002. Ilpon-eyse hankwuke-uy ene-ciwi hyangsang-ey kwanhan yenkwu [A Study on the Improvement of the Language Status of Korean in Japan]. Enehak [Korean Linguistics] 10(2), 111–134.Google Scholar

Kang, H. S. 2013. Korean American College Students’ Language Practices and Identity Positioning: “Not Korean, but not American”. Journal of Language, Identity & Education 12(4), 248–261.Google Scholar

Kang, H. S. 2015. Korean Families in America: Their Family Language Policies and Home-Language Maintenance. Bilingual Research Journal 38(3), 275–291.Google Scholar

Kanno, Y. 2004. Sending Mixed Messages: Language Minority Education at a Japanese Public Elementary School. In Pavlenko, A. and Blackledge, A. (eds.), Negotiation of Identities in Multilingual Contexts. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 316–338.Google Scholar

Kim, E. M. and Kang, J. S.. 2007. Seoul as a Global City with Ethnic Villages. Korea Journal 47(4), 64–99.Google Scholar

Kim, H., Lee, J. G., Lee, B. C., and Kim, S.. 2017. Understanding the Life of Chinese Immigrants in Korea: Forgotten People in the Land of Multiculturalism. Asian Social Work and Policy Review 11(3), 184–192.Google Scholar

Kim, H. R. and Oh, I.. 2012. Foreigners Cometh! Paths to Multiculturalism in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 21(1), 105–133.Google Scholar

Kim, J. H., Montrul, S., and Yoon, J.. 2010. Dominant Language Influence in Acquisition and Attrition of Binding: Interpretation of the Korean Reflexive Caki. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13(1), 73–84.Google Scholar

Kim, J. J. 1994. Ilpon-nay han-il i-ene pyengyong-hwaca (hankwukin)-uy code-switching-ey tayhaye [On the Code-Switching of Korean-Japanese Bilinguals in Japan]. Icwung-ene-hakswulci [Bilingualism Studies] 11, 71–96.Google Scholar

Kim, M. and Kim, T. Y., 2015. A Critical Study of Language Minority Students’ Participation in Language Communities in the Korean Context. Language and Intercultural Communication 15(2), 224–239.Google Scholar

Kim, S. H. 2017. Hankwuk hwakyo-uy Han-Chwung khotu-cenhwan yuhyeng-kwa pwunpho [Korean-Chinese Code Switching Types and Its Distributions among Overseas Chinese in Korea]. Emwun-Yenkwu [Bilingual Studies] 45(2), 36–59.Google Scholar

King, K. A. and Ennser‐Kananen, J.. 2012. Heritage Languages and Language Policy. In Chapelle, C. (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1–4.Google Scholar

Kirkpatrick, A. and Liddicoat, A. J.. 2017. Language Education Policy and Practice in East and Southeast Asia. Language Teaching 50(2), 155–188.Google Scholar

Kong, D. S., Yoon, K. W., and Yu, S. Y.. 2010. The Social Dimensions of Immigration in Korea. Journal of Contemporary Asia 40(2), 252–274, https://doi.org/10.1080/00472331003600473 Google Scholar

Lee, J. S. and Wright, W. E.. 2014. The Rediscovery of Heritage and Community Language Education in the United States. Review of Research in Education 38(1), 137–165.Google Scholar

Lee, S. Y. 2017. Chayil Kholian-uy hankwuke-ey tayhan uysik yenkwu [A study on the Zainichi Korean’s Recognition of Language]. Icwung-Enehak [Korean Bilingualism] 68, 119–139.Google Scholar

Leeman, J. 2015. Heritage Language Education and Identity in the United States. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 35, 100–119.Google Scholar

Liddicoat, A. J. 2007. Internationalising Japan: Nihonjinron and the Intercultural in Japanese Language-in-Education Policy. Journal of Multicultural Discourses 2(1), 32–46.Google Scholar

Maeda, N. 2003. Influence of Kotodamaism on Japanese Journalism. Media, Culture, and Society 25, 757–772.Google Scholar

Maher, J. 1997. Linguistic Minorities and Education in Japan. Educational Review 49(2), 115–127.Google Scholar

Montrul, S. 2010. Current Issues in Heritage Language Acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 30, 3–23.Google Scholar

Mori, H. 1997. Immigration Policy and Foreign Workers in Japan. Houndsmill: MacMillan.Google Scholar

Moseley, C. (ed.) 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.Google Scholar

Nguyen, T. T. T. and Hamid, M. O.. 2018. Bilingualism as a Resource: Language Attitudes of Vietnamese Ethnic Minority Students. Current Issues in Language Planning 19(4), 343–362.Google Scholar

Park, K. 2014. Foreigners or Multicultural Citizens? Press Media’s Construction of Immigrants in South Korea. Ethnic and Racial Studies 37(9), 1565–1586.Google Scholar

Park, M. Y. 2019. Challenges of Maintaining the Mother’s Language: Marriage-Migrants and Their Mixed-Heritage Children in South Korea. Language and Education 33(5), 1–17.Google Scholar

Sohn, Y. S. 2018. A Study of Japanese Korean Bilinguals’ Use of -hata. The Journal of Korea Association of Japanology 115(5), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.15532/kaja.2018.05.115.109 Google Scholar

Son, Y. S. 2015. Chayil hankwukin icwung-ene sayongcatul-uy sayong-ene-pyel palhwa-mwuncang pwunpho [The Distribution of Sentences by Language Type among Japanese-Korean Bilinguals]. Ilpone-Mwunhak [Japanese Literature] 67, 55–74.Google Scholar

Son, Y. S. 2018. Chayil hankwukin icwung-ene sayongcatul-uy ‘suru’/’hata’ sayong-silthay yenkwu [A Study of the Use of ‘suru’/’hata’ among Japanese-Korean Bilinguals]. Ilpon-Hakpo [Japanese Academic Reports] 115, 109–127.Google Scholar

Son, H. Y. and Seo, S. J., 2008. Hankwuk hwakyo hwacatul-uy icwung-ene sayong yenkwu [A Research on the Bilingualism of the Overseas Chinese in Korea]. Sahoy-Enehak [Korean Sociolinguistics] 16(1), 185–211.Google Scholar

Statistics Korea. 2017. Current status of married immigrants. Retrieved from www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=2819 Google Scholar

Valdés, G. 2005. Bilingualism, Heritage Language Learners, and SLA Research: Opportunities Lost or Seized?. The Modern Language Journal 89(3), 410–426.Google Scholar

Van Deusen-Scholl, N. 2003. Toward a Definition of Heritage Language: Sociopolitical and Pedagogical Considerations. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 2, 211–230.Google Scholar

Watson, I. 2012. Paradoxical Multiculturalism in South Korea. Asian Politics and Policy 4(2), 233–258.Google Scholar

Yang, S. Y. and Yeo, B. C.. 2011. A Study for Korea’s Multicultural Policy and Overseas Chinese’ Social Welfare. The Societies for Chinese Humanities in Korea 12, 441–460.Google Scholar

Yeo, B. C. 2013. Hwakyo tiasuphola-uy hanpanto icwu-wa ene-cengcheyseng kochal [An Investigation of the Settlement of the Hwagyo Diaspora on the Korean Peninsula and Their Linguistic Identity]. Cwungkwumwunhak-Yenkwu [Chinese Cultural Studies] 52, 263–293.Google Scholar

Yi, J. and Jung, G.. 2015. Debating Multicultural Korea: Media Discourse on Migrants and Minorities in South Korea. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41(6), 985–1013.Google Scholar

Yim, Y. C. 2013. Kwukoy tongpho ene silthay cosa-lul wihan kicho-yenkwu – chayil hankwukin-uy ene saynghwal-ey tayhan silthay cosa-lul cwungsim-ulo [A Basic Study for Research on Korean Language Use of Overseas Koreans – Focusing on the Actual Condition Survey on the Language of Korean Residents in Japan]. Tongpwuka-Mwunhwa-Yenkwu [North East Asia Cultural Studies] 34, 129–147.Google Scholar

Yotsumoto, Y. 2019. Revitalization of the Ainu Language: Japanese Government Efforts. In Brunn, S. and Kehrein, R. (eds.), Handbook of the Changing World Language Map. Basel: Springer, 1711–1727.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.