Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T05:24:43.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

33 - The Learning Sciences in the 2020s: Implications for Schools and Beyond

from Part VI - Moving Learning Sciences Research into the Classroom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2022

R. Keith Sawyer
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Get access

Summary

This chapter reviews the implications of learning sciences (LS) research for schools, including assessment, curriculum, teaching practice, and systemic transformation. A central theme of this review is the role of technology in education – its history, its failings and successes, and how future technology designs can be grounded in LS. The chapter then describes some trends and opportunities in the field of LS research, including the integration of individual and sociocultural research approaches; the ways that LS research can contribute to equity and diversity in learning and in schools; and the sociology and history of LS as a discipline.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Admissionsly. (2021). Homeschooling statistics: Breakdown by the 2021 numbers. Retrieved from https://admissionsly.com/homeschooling-statistics/Google Scholar
Althusser, L. (1971). Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (Notes towards an investigation). In Lenin and philosophy, and other essays (pp. 127186). London, England: New Left Books. (Original work published in La Pensee, 1970).Google Scholar
Ball, A. F. (1995). Community based learning in an urban setting as a model for educational reform. Applied Behavioral Science Review, 3(2), 127146.Google Scholar
Bauman, K., & Cranney, S. (2020). School enrollment in the United States: 2018. Retrieved from www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2020/demo/p20-584.pdfGoogle Scholar
Boser, U. (2017). Learn better. New York, NY: Rodale.Google Scholar
Brodersen, R. M., Yanoski, D., Mason, K., Apthorp, H., & Piscatelli, J. (2016). Overview of selected state policies and supports related to K-12 competency-based education (REL 2017-249). Washington, DC: US Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Regional Educational Laboratory Central.Google Scholar
Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make it stick: The science of successful learning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cole, J. R., & Zuckerman, H. (1975). The emergence of a scientific specialty: The self-exemplifying case of the sociology of science. In Coser, L. A. (Ed.), The idea of social structure (pp. 139174). New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., et al. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Retrieved from http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1979/A1979HZ27500001.pdfGoogle Scholar
Collins, A., & Halverson, R. (2009). Rethinking education in the age of technology: The digital revolution and schooling in America. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Collins, J. (2009). Social reproduction in classrooms and schools. Annual Review of Anthropology, 38, 3348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crane, D. (1972). Invisible colleges: Diffusion of knowledge in scientific communities. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and underused: Computers in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cult of Mac. (2010). Computers in schools are a failure, says computer pioneer Alan Kay. Retrieved September 17, 2013, from www.cultofmac.com/68757/computers-in-schools-are-a-failure-apple-fellow-alan-kay/Google Scholar
Dunlosky, J., & Rawson, K. A. (Eds.). (2019). The Cambridge handbook of cognition and education. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Esmonde, I. (2017). Power and sociocultural theories of learning. In Esmonde, I. & Booker, A. N. (Eds.), Power and privilege in the learning sciences: Critical and sociocultural theories of learning (pp. 627). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Esmonde, I., & Booker, A. N. (2017a). Introduction. In Esmonde, I. & Booker, A. N. (Eds.), Power and privilege in the learning sciences: Critical and sociocultural theories of learning (pp. 15). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Esmonde, I., & Booker, A. N. (Eds.). (2017b). Power and privilege in the learning sciences: Critical and sociocultural theories of learning. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Esmonde, I., & Booker, A. N. (2017c). Toward critical sociocultural theories of learning. In Esmonde, I. & Booker, A. N. (Eds.), Power and privilege in the learning sciences: Critical and sociocultural theories of learning (pp. 162174). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Evans, M. A., Packer, M. J., & Sawyer, R. K. (Eds.). (2016). Reflections on the learning sciences. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. (1972). The archeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. (Originally published as L’Archèologie du Savoir [Paris, France: Editions Gallimard, 1969]).Google Scholar
Freire, P. (1968). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Continuum.Google Scholar
Gabriel, T., & Richtel, M. (2011, October 9). Inflating the software report card: School-technology companies ignore some results. The New York Times, pp. A1, A22.Google Scholar
Gieren, T. F. (1983). Boundary-work and the demarcation of science from non-science: Strains and interests in professional ideologies of science. American Sociological Review, 48(6), 781795.Google Scholar
Gobert, J., Buckley, B. C., & Dede, C. J. (2005). Logging students’ learning with hypermodels in BioLogica and Dynamica. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
González, N., Moll, L. C., & Amanti, C. (Eds.). (2005). Funds of knowledge: Theorizing practices in households and classrooms. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Gray, L., Thomas, N., & Lewis, L. (2010). Teachers’ use of educational technology in U.S. public schools: 2009 (NCES 2010-040). Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gumperz, J. J., & Hymes, D. (Eds.). (1986). Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. New York, NY: Basil Blackwell. (Original work published 1972).Google Scholar
Haak, D. C., HilleRisLambers, J., Pitre, E., & Freeman, S. (2011). Increased structure and active learning reduce the achievement gap in introductory biology. Science, 332, 12131216.Google Scholar
Hoadley, C. (2018). A short history of the learning sciences. In Fischer, F., Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Goldman, S. R., & Reimann, P. (Eds.), The international handbook of the learning sciences (pp. 1123). New York, NY: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IDP Connect. (2021, February 17). Are Australian university pop up study hubs in China here to stay? Retrieved from www.idp-connect.com/newspage/apac-editors-choice/australian-university-pop-up-study-hubs-in-china-here-to-stay/Google Scholar
Institute of Education Sciences. (2010). Teachers’ use of educational technology in U.S. public schools: 2009. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdfGoogle Scholar
Konstantopoulos, S., & Borman, G. D. (2011). Family background and school effects on student achievement: A multilevel analysis of the Coleman data. Teachers College Record, 113(1), 97132.Google Scholar
Kozma, R. B. (Ed.). (2003). Technology, innovation, and educational change: A global perspective. Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lee, C. D., de Royston, M. M., Nasir, N. S., & Pea, R. (Eds.). (2020). Handbook of the cultural foundations of learning. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lee, C. D., Spencer, M. B., & Harpalani, V. (2003). Every shut eye ain’t sleep: Studying how people live culturally. Educational Researcher, 32(5), 613.Google Scholar
Lee, V. R., Ye, L., & Recker, M. (2012). What a long strange trip it’s been: A comparison of authors, abstracts, and references in the 1991 and 2010 ICLS proceedings. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia.Google Scholar
McQuiggan, M., & Megra, M. (2017). Parent and family involvement in education: Results from the national household education surveys program of 2016 (NCES 2017-102). Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2017102Google Scholar
Murphy, R. A., & Honey, R. C. (Eds.). (2016). The Wiley handbook on the cognitive neuroscience, Chichester, England: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Nasir, N. S., Hand, V., & Taylor, E. V. (2008). Culture and mathematics in school: Boundaries between “cultural” and “domain” knowledge in the mathematics classroom and beyond. Review of Research in Education, 32(1), 187240.Google Scholar
Nasir, N. S., & Saxe, G. B. (2003). Ethnic and academic identities: A cultural practice perspective on emerging tensions and their management in the lives of minority students. Educational Researcher, 32(5), 1418.Google Scholar
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019). Science and engineering for grades 6-12: Investigation and design at the center. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). Annual report: The condition of education. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2020/2020144.pdfGoogle Scholar
National Center for Education Statistics. (2021). National teacher and principal survey (NTPS). Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ntps/tables/ntps1718_2019082303_s12n.aspGoogle Scholar
Nathan, M. J., Rummel, N., & Hay, K. E. (2016). Growing the learning sciences: Brand or big tent? In Evans, M. A., Packer, M., & Sawyer, R. K. (Eds.), Reflections on the learning sciences (pp. 191209). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
North, A. (2020, October 27). The remote learning center trend, explained. Retrieved from www.vox.com/21523961/covid-school-remote-learning-center-distanceGoogle Scholar
OECD. (2000). Knowledge management in the learning society. Paris, France: OECD Publications.Google Scholar
OECD. (2004). Innovation in the knowledge economy: Implications for education and learning. Paris, France: OECD Publications.Google Scholar
OECD. (2008). Innovating to learn, learning to innovate. Paris, France: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD. (2010). The nature of learning: Using research to inspire practice. Paris, France: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD. (2013). Innovative learning environments. Paris, France: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD. (2015). Students, computers and learning: Making the connection. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
OECD. (2017). OECD science, technology and industry scorecard 2017: The digital transformation. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
OECD. (2019). How’s life in the digital age? Opportunities and risks of the digital transformation for people’s well-being. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
OECD. (2020a). PISA 2018 results: Vol. V. Effective policies, successful schools. Paris, France: PISA, OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
OECD. (2020b). Strengthening online learning when schools are closed: The role of families and teachers in supporting students during the COVID-19 crisis. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Onishi, N. (2021, February 9). Will American ideas tear France apart? Some of its leaders think so. The New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com/2021/02/09/world/europe/france-threat-american-universities.htmlGoogle Scholar
Packer, M. J., & Maddox, C. (2016). Mapping the territory of the learning sciences. In Evans, M. A., Packer, M. J., & Sawyer, R. K. (Eds.), Reflections on the learning sciences (pp. 126154). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Parsad, B., & Jones, J. (2005). Internet access in U.S. public schools and classrooms: 1994–2003 (NCES 2005-015). Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005015.pdfGoogle Scholar
Price, D. (1963). Little science, big science. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogoff, B. (1990). Apprenticeship in thinking: Cognitive development in social context. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Royston, M. M., Lee, C., Nasir, N. S., & Pea, R. (2020). Rethinking schools, rethinking learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 102(3), 813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawyer, R. K. (2002). Unresolved tensions in sociocultural theory: Analogies with contemporary sociological debates. Culture & Psychology, 8(3), 283305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawyer, R. K. (2016). A Foucauldian analysis of the learning sciences: Past, present, and future. In Evans, M. A., Packer, M., & Sawyer, R. K. (Eds.), Reflections on the learning sciences (pp. 259280). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sawyer, R. K. (2019). The creative classroom: Innovative teaching for 21st-century learners. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W. A., & McKnight, C. C. (1997). A splintered vision: An investigation of U.S. science and mathematics education. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Schofield, J. W., & Davidson, A. L. (2002). Bringing the Internet to school: Lessons from an urban district. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D. L., Tsang, J. M., & Blair, K. P. (2016). The ABCs of how we learn: 26 scientifically proven approaches, how they work, and when to use them. New York, NY: Norton.Google Scholar
Selingo, J. J. (2013). College (un) bound: The future of higher education and what it means for students. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Google Scholar
Shapiro, E. (2021, March 21). “Always an afterthought”: Schools closed, but not child care facilities. The New York Times, p. Y4.Google Scholar
Shen, S., Munroe, T., Zhu, J., & Westbrook, T. (2021, July 23). China bars for-profit tutoring in core school subjects. Reuters. Retrieved from www.reuters.com/world/china/china-bars-for-profit-tutoring-core-school-subjects-document-2021-07-23/Google Scholar
Sharples, M., McAndrew, P., Weller, M., et al. (2013). Innovating pedagogy 2013: Open University innovation report 2. Milton Keynes, England: The Open University.Google Scholar
Smitherman, G. (2000). African American student writers in the NAEP, 1969–1988/89 and “The Blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice”. In Smitherman, G. (Ed.), Talkin that talk: Language, culture and education in African America (pp. 163194). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sommerhoff, D., Szameitat, A., Vogel, F., Chernikova, O., Loderer, K., & Fischer, F. (2018). What do we teach when we teach the learning sciences? A document analysis of 75 graduate programs. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 27(2), 319351.Google Scholar
Southern New Hampshire University. (2021). About SNHU: Expanding the boundaries of higher education. Retrieved from www.snhu.edu/about-usGoogle Scholar
Star, S. L., & Griesemer, J. R. (1989). Institutional ecology, “translations” and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–1939. Social Studies of Science, 19(3), 387420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strayer University. (2021). Strayer University fact sheet. Retrieved from www.strayer.edu/content/dam/strayer/pdf/Strayer_University_Fact_Sheet.pdfGoogle Scholar
Theobald, E. J., Hill, M. J., Tran, E., et. al. (2020). Active learning narrows achievement gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 117(12), 64766483.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. (2020). Household pulse survey. Retrieved from www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/demo/hhp/hhp20.htmlGoogle Scholar
Vélez-Ibáñez, C., & Greenberg, J. (2005). Formation and transformation of funds of knowledge. In González, N., Moll, L. C., & Amanti, C. (Eds.), Funds of knowledge: Theorizing practices in households and classrooms (pp. 4769). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Vogel, G. (1996). Global review faults U.S. curricula. Science, 274(5286), 335.Google Scholar
Yoon, S. A., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2017). What do learning scientists do? A survey of the ISLS membership. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 26(2), 167183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×