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6 - Scope, Syntax, and Prosody in Russian as a Second or Heritage Language

from II - Syntax–Semantics Interface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2019

By
Tania Ionin  and
Tatiana Luchkina
Edited by
Mónica Cabrera  and
José Camacho
Mónica Cabrera
Affiliation:
Loyola Marymount University, California
José Camacho
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, New Jersey
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Summary

The study of second language (L2) acquisition from the generative perspective has, traditionally, focused primarily on narrow syntactic and morphosyntactic phenomena (for an overview, see, e.g., Ionin, 2012; White, 2003). The last two decades have seen a rise in L2 studies that address phenomena at the syntax–semantics and syntax–pragmatics interfaces, investigating such topics as grammatical tense and aspect, scope ambiguity, article semantics, and the interpretation of overt vs. null pronouns, among others (for an overview, see Slabakova, 2008, 2016). Across both (morpho)syntactic and interface phenomena, studies find evidence of crosslinguistic influence (transfer) from the learners’ first language (L1), but also find that learners are able to acquire novel properties of their L2 that are not present in their L1 and that are often underdetermined in the input (see Schwartz & Sprouse, 2013; Slabakova, 2016).

Type
Chapter
Information
Exploring Interfaces , pp. 141 - 170
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

References

Anderson, C. (2004). The structure and real-time comprehension of quantifier scope ambiguity (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University.Google Scholar
Antonyuk, S. (2006). The scope of quantifier phrases in Russian: a QR analysis. In Linguistics in the Big Apple, CUNY/NYU Working Papers in Linguistics, www.researchgate.net/publication/228703341_The_Scope_of_Quantifier_Phrases_in_Russian_A_QR_Analysis.Google Scholar
Antonyuk, S. (2015). Quantifier scope and scope freezing in Russian (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Stony Brook University.Google Scholar
Aoun, J. & Li, Y. H. A. (1993). Syntax of scope. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bailyn, J. (1995). A configurational approach to Russian “free” word order (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.Google Scholar
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers: opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39, 129–81.Google Scholar
Bivon, R. (1971). Element order, Studies in the Modern Russian Language, 7. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Büring, D. (1997). The great scope inversion conspiracy. Linguistics and Philosophy, 20, 175–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, J. & Slabakova, R. (2014). Interpreting definiteness in a second language without articles: the case of L2 Russian. Second Language Research, 30, 159–90.Google Scholar
Chung, E. (2013). Sources of difficulty in L2 scope judgments. Second Language Research, 29, 285–310.Google Scholar
Fraundorf, S., Watson, D., & Benjamin, A. (2010). Recognition memory reveals just how CONTRASTIVE contrastive accenting really is. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 367–86.Google Scholar
Gut, U. (2009). Non-native speech: a corpus-based analysis of phonological and phonetic properties of L2 English and German. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, M. (1997). Indefinite pronouns. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heim, I. & Kratzer, A. (1998). Semantics in generative grammar. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hertel, T. (2003). Lexical and discourse factors in the second language acquisition of Spanish word order. Second Language Research, 14, 273–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ionin, T. (2003). The one girl who was kissed by every boy: scope, scrambling and discourse function in Russian. In van Koppen, M., van der Torre, E. J., & Zimmermann, M., eds., Proceedings of ConSole X. Leiden: Student Organization of Linguistics in Europe, pp. 65–80.Google Scholar
Ionin, T.(2012). Morphosyntax. In Herschensohn, J. & Young-Scholten, M., eds., The Cambridge handbook of second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press, pp. 75–103.Google Scholar
Ionin, T.(2013). Pragmatic variation among specificity markers. In Ebert, C. & Hinterwimmer, S., eds., Different kinds of specificity across languages. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 75–103.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T. (2015). One reading for every word order: revisiting Russian scope. In Steindl, U., Borer, T., Fang, H., et al., eds., Proceedings of the 32nd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, pp. 21–30.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T.(2017). The one kitten who was stroked by every girl: revisiting scope and scrambling in Russian. In Halpert, C., Kotek, H., & van Urk, C., eds., A pesky set: Papers for David Pesetsky. Cambridge, MA: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 243–52.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T.(2018). Focus on Russian scope: an experimental investigation of the relationship between quantifier scope, prosody, and information structure. Linguistic Inquiry, 49(4), 741–79.Google Scholar
Ioup, G. (1975). Some universals for quantifier scope. In Kimball, J. P., ed., Syntax and Semantics 4. New York: Academic Press, pp. 37–58.Google Scholar
Junghanns, U. & Zybatow, J. (1997). Syntax and information structure of Russian clauses. In Proceedings of the Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics (FASL): The Cornell Meeting. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Slavic Publications, pp. 289–319.Google Scholar
King, T. H. (1995). Configuring topic and focus in Russian. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
Kurtzman, H. & MacDonald, M. (1993). Resolution of quantifier scope ambiguities. Cognition, 48, 243–79.Google Scholar
Lee, T. H. T, Yip, V. & Wang, C. (1999). Rethinking isomorphisms: a scope principle for Chinese and English. In Sun, C., ed., Proceedings of the Tenth North American Chinese Linguistics Conference. Los Angeles: Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California, pp. 169–86.Google Scholar
Lozano, C. (2006). Focus and split intransitivity: the acquisition of word order alternations in non-native Spanish. Second Language Research, 22, 145–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luchkina, T. (2012). L1 & L2 word order processing in Russian. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum (SLRF 2012), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Luchkina, T. & Stoops, A. (2013). Cloze test as a measure of L2 Russian proficiency. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum (SLRF 2013), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.Google Scholar
Marsden, H. (2004). Quantifier scope in non-native Japanese: a comparative interlanguage study of Chinese, English, and Korean-speaking learners (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Durham, UK.Google Scholar
Marsden, H.(2009). Distributive quantifier scope in English–Japanese and Korean–Japanese interlanguage. Language Acquisition, 16, 135–77.Google Scholar
May, R. (1985). Logical form: its structure and derivation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. (2008). Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism: re-examining the age factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Montrul, S.(2010). Dominant language transfer in adult second language learners and heritage speakers. Second Language Research, 26, 293–327.Google Scholar
Montrul, S., Foote, R., & Perpiñán, S. (2008). Gender agreement in adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers: the effects of age and context of acquisition. Language Learning, 58, 503–53.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. & Ionin, T. (2012). Dominant language transfer in Spanish heritage speakers and L2 learners in the interpretation of definite articles. Modern Language Journal, 96, 70–94.Google Scholar
Nava, E. & Zubizarreta, M. L. (2009). Order of L2 acquisition of prosodic prominence patterns: evidence from L1 Spanish / L2 English speech. In Crawford, J., Otaki, K., & Takahashi, M., eds., Proceedings of GALANA 3. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, pp. 175–87.Google Scholar
Nava, E. & Zubizarreta, M. L.(2010). Deconstructing the Nuclear Stress Algorithm: evidence from second language speech. In Erteschik-Shir, N. & Rochman, L., eds., The sound patterns of syntax. Oxford University Press, pp. 291–316.Google Scholar
Neeleman, A. & Titov, E. (2009). Focus, contrast and stress in Russian. Linguistic Inquiry, 40, 514–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Neil, W. (1998). The rhythm rule in English and the growth of L2 knowledge. In Flynn, S., Martohardjono, G., & O’Neil, W., eds., The generative study of second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 333–7.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M. (2007). Incomplete acquisition: American Russian. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 14, 191–262.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M.(2008). Russian gender under incomplete acquisition. Heritage Language Journal, 6, 40–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M.(2011). Reanalysis in adult heritage language: a case for attrition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 305–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team. (2014). R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, www.r-project.org.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. & Sprouse, R. (1996). L2 cognitive states and the Full Transfer / Full Access model. Second Language Research, 12, 40–72.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. & Sprouse, R.(2013). Generative approaches and the poverty of the stimulus. In Herschensohn, J. & Young-Scholten, M., eds., The Cambridge handbook of second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press, pp. 137–58.Google Scholar
Scontras, G., Polinsky, M., Tsai, C. Y. E., & Mai, K. (2017). Cross-linguistic scope ambiguity: when two systems meet. Glossa, 2(1), 36.Google Scholar
Scontras, G., Tsai, C. Y. E., Mai, K., & Polinsky, M. (2014). Chinese scope: an experimental investigation. In Etxeberria, U., Fălăuș, A., Irurtzun, A., & Leferman, B., eds., Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 18, pp. 396–414. Retrieved from http://semanticsarchive.net/sub2013.Google Scholar
Sirotinina, O. B. (1965). Porjadok slov v russkom jazyke [“Word order in Russian”]. Saratov State University.Google Scholar
Sekerina, I. (2003). Scrambling processing: dependencies, complexity, and constraints. In Karimi, S., ed., Word order and scrambling. Cambridge: Blackwell, pp. 301–24.Google Scholar
Slabakova, R. (2008). Meaning in the second language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Slabakova, R.(2016). Second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Slioussar, N. (2011a). Russian and the EPP requirement in the tense domain. Lingua, 121, 2048–68.Google Scholar
Slioussar, N.(2011b). Processing of a free word order language: the role of syntax and context. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 40, 291–306.Google Scholar
Sprouse, J. (2011). A validation of Amazon Mechanical Turk for the collection of acceptability judgments in linguistic theory. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 155–67.Google Scholar
Tremblay, A. (2011). Proficiency assessment standards in second language acquisition research. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 339–72.Google Scholar
Tunstall, S. (1998). The interpretation of quantifiers: semantics and processing (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Amherst: University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
White, L. (2003). Second language acquisition and Universal Grammar. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White, L. & Mattys, S. L. (2007). Calibrating rhythm: first language and second language studies. Journal of Phonetics, 35, 501–22.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L. (1998). Focus, prosody, and word order. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L., He, X., & Jonckheere, N. (2013). An L2 study on the production of stress patterns in English compounds. In Becher, M., Rothman, J., & Schwartz, B., eds., Generative linguistics and acquisition: studies in honor of Nina Hyams. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 185–204.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L., & Nava, E. (2011). Encoding discourse-based meaning: prosody vs. syntax. Implications for second language acquisition. Lingua, 121, 652–69.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L., & Vergnaud, J. R. (2005). Phrasal stress, focus, and syntax. In Everaert, M. & van Riemsdijk, H., eds., The syntax companion. Cambridge: Blackwell, pp. 522–68.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. (2004). The structure and real-time comprehension of quantifier scope ambiguity (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University.Google Scholar
Antonyuk, S. (2006). The scope of quantifier phrases in Russian: a QR analysis. In Linguistics in the Big Apple, CUNY/NYU Working Papers in Linguistics, www.researchgate.net/publication/228703341_The_Scope_of_Quantifier_Phrases_in_Russian_A_QR_Analysis.Google Scholar
Antonyuk, S. (2015). Quantifier scope and scope freezing in Russian (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Stony Brook University.Google Scholar
Aoun, J. & Li, Y. H. A. (1993). Syntax of scope. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bailyn, J. (1995). A configurational approach to Russian “free” word order (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.Google Scholar
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers: opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39, 129–81.Google Scholar
Bivon, R. (1971). Element order, Studies in the Modern Russian Language, 7. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Büring, D. (1997). The great scope inversion conspiracy. Linguistics and Philosophy, 20, 175–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, J. & Slabakova, R. (2014). Interpreting definiteness in a second language without articles: the case of L2 Russian. Second Language Research, 30, 159–90.Google Scholar
Chung, E. (2013). Sources of difficulty in L2 scope judgments. Second Language Research, 29, 285–310.Google Scholar
Fraundorf, S., Watson, D., & Benjamin, A. (2010). Recognition memory reveals just how CONTRASTIVE contrastive accenting really is. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 367–86.Google Scholar
Gut, U. (2009). Non-native speech: a corpus-based analysis of phonological and phonetic properties of L2 English and German. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, M. (1997). Indefinite pronouns. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heim, I. & Kratzer, A. (1998). Semantics in generative grammar. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hertel, T. (2003). Lexical and discourse factors in the second language acquisition of Spanish word order. Second Language Research, 14, 273–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ionin, T. (2003). The one girl who was kissed by every boy: scope, scrambling and discourse function in Russian. In van Koppen, M., van der Torre, E. J., & Zimmermann, M., eds., Proceedings of ConSole X. Leiden: Student Organization of Linguistics in Europe, pp. 65–80.Google Scholar
Ionin, T.(2012). Morphosyntax. In Herschensohn, J. & Young-Scholten, M., eds., The Cambridge handbook of second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press, pp. 75–103.Google Scholar
Ionin, T.(2013). Pragmatic variation among specificity markers. In Ebert, C. & Hinterwimmer, S., eds., Different kinds of specificity across languages. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 75–103.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T. (2015). One reading for every word order: revisiting Russian scope. In Steindl, U., Borer, T., Fang, H., et al., eds., Proceedings of the 32nd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, pp. 21–30.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T.(2017). The one kitten who was stroked by every girl: revisiting scope and scrambling in Russian. In Halpert, C., Kotek, H., & van Urk, C., eds., A pesky set: Papers for David Pesetsky. Cambridge, MA: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 243–52.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T.(2018). Focus on Russian scope: an experimental investigation of the relationship between quantifier scope, prosody, and information structure. Linguistic Inquiry, 49(4), 741–79.Google Scholar
Ioup, G. (1975). Some universals for quantifier scope. In Kimball, J. P., ed., Syntax and Semantics 4. New York: Academic Press, pp. 37–58.Google Scholar
Junghanns, U. & Zybatow, J. (1997). Syntax and information structure of Russian clauses. In Proceedings of the Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics (FASL): The Cornell Meeting. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Slavic Publications, pp. 289–319.Google Scholar
King, T. H. (1995). Configuring topic and focus in Russian. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
Kurtzman, H. & MacDonald, M. (1993). Resolution of quantifier scope ambiguities. Cognition, 48, 243–79.Google Scholar
Lee, T. H. T, Yip, V. & Wang, C. (1999). Rethinking isomorphisms: a scope principle for Chinese and English. In Sun, C., ed., Proceedings of the Tenth North American Chinese Linguistics Conference. Los Angeles: Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California, pp. 169–86.Google Scholar
Lozano, C. (2006). Focus and split intransitivity: the acquisition of word order alternations in non-native Spanish. Second Language Research, 22, 145–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luchkina, T. (2012). L1 & L2 word order processing in Russian. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum (SLRF 2012), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Luchkina, T. & Stoops, A. (2013). Cloze test as a measure of L2 Russian proficiency. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum (SLRF 2013), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.Google Scholar
Marsden, H. (2004). Quantifier scope in non-native Japanese: a comparative interlanguage study of Chinese, English, and Korean-speaking learners (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Durham, UK.Google Scholar
Marsden, H.(2009). Distributive quantifier scope in English–Japanese and Korean–Japanese interlanguage. Language Acquisition, 16, 135–77.Google Scholar
May, R. (1985). Logical form: its structure and derivation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. (2008). Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism: re-examining the age factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Montrul, S.(2010). Dominant language transfer in adult second language learners and heritage speakers. Second Language Research, 26, 293–327.Google Scholar
Montrul, S., Foote, R., & Perpiñán, S. (2008). Gender agreement in adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers: the effects of age and context of acquisition. Language Learning, 58, 503–53.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. & Ionin, T. (2012). Dominant language transfer in Spanish heritage speakers and L2 learners in the interpretation of definite articles. Modern Language Journal, 96, 70–94.Google Scholar
Nava, E. & Zubizarreta, M. L. (2009). Order of L2 acquisition of prosodic prominence patterns: evidence from L1 Spanish / L2 English speech. In Crawford, J., Otaki, K., & Takahashi, M., eds., Proceedings of GALANA 3. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, pp. 175–87.Google Scholar
Nava, E. & Zubizarreta, M. L.(2010). Deconstructing the Nuclear Stress Algorithm: evidence from second language speech. In Erteschik-Shir, N. & Rochman, L., eds., The sound patterns of syntax. Oxford University Press, pp. 291–316.Google Scholar
Neeleman, A. & Titov, E. (2009). Focus, contrast and stress in Russian. Linguistic Inquiry, 40, 514–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Neil, W. (1998). The rhythm rule in English and the growth of L2 knowledge. In Flynn, S., Martohardjono, G., & O’Neil, W., eds., The generative study of second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 333–7.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M. (2007). Incomplete acquisition: American Russian. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 14, 191–262.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M.(2008). Russian gender under incomplete acquisition. Heritage Language Journal, 6, 40–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M.(2011). Reanalysis in adult heritage language: a case for attrition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 305–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team. (2014). R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, www.r-project.org.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. & Sprouse, R. (1996). L2 cognitive states and the Full Transfer / Full Access model. Second Language Research, 12, 40–72.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. & Sprouse, R.(2013). Generative approaches and the poverty of the stimulus. In Herschensohn, J. & Young-Scholten, M., eds., The Cambridge handbook of second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press, pp. 137–58.Google Scholar
Scontras, G., Polinsky, M., Tsai, C. Y. E., & Mai, K. (2017). Cross-linguistic scope ambiguity: when two systems meet. Glossa, 2(1), 36.Google Scholar
Scontras, G., Tsai, C. Y. E., Mai, K., & Polinsky, M. (2014). Chinese scope: an experimental investigation. In Etxeberria, U., Fălăuș, A., Irurtzun, A., & Leferman, B., eds., Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 18, pp. 396–414. Retrieved from http://semanticsarchive.net/sub2013.Google Scholar
Sirotinina, O. B. (1965). Porjadok slov v russkom jazyke [“Word order in Russian”]. Saratov State University.Google Scholar
Sekerina, I. (2003). Scrambling processing: dependencies, complexity, and constraints. In Karimi, S., ed., Word order and scrambling. Cambridge: Blackwell, pp. 301–24.Google Scholar
Slabakova, R. (2008). Meaning in the second language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Slabakova, R.(2016). Second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Slioussar, N. (2011a). Russian and the EPP requirement in the tense domain. Lingua, 121, 2048–68.Google Scholar
Slioussar, N.(2011b). Processing of a free word order language: the role of syntax and context. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 40, 291–306.Google Scholar
Sprouse, J. (2011). A validation of Amazon Mechanical Turk for the collection of acceptability judgments in linguistic theory. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 155–67.Google Scholar
Tremblay, A. (2011). Proficiency assessment standards in second language acquisition research. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 339–72.Google Scholar
Tunstall, S. (1998). The interpretation of quantifiers: semantics and processing (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Amherst: University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
White, L. (2003). Second language acquisition and Universal Grammar. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White, L. & Mattys, S. L. (2007). Calibrating rhythm: first language and second language studies. Journal of Phonetics, 35, 501–22.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L. (1998). Focus, prosody, and word order. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L., He, X., & Jonckheere, N. (2013). An L2 study on the production of stress patterns in English compounds. In Becher, M., Rothman, J., & Schwartz, B., eds., Generative linguistics and acquisition: studies in honor of Nina Hyams. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 185–204.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L., & Nava, E. (2011). Encoding discourse-based meaning: prosody vs. syntax. Implications for second language acquisition. Lingua, 121, 652–69.Google Scholar
Zubizarreta, M. L., & Vergnaud, J. R. (2005). Phrasal stress, focus, and syntax. In Everaert, M. & van Riemsdijk, H., eds., The syntax companion. Cambridge: Blackwell, pp. 522–68.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. (2004). The structure and real-time comprehension of quantifier scope ambiguity (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University.Google Scholar
Antonyuk, S. (2006). The scope of quantifier phrases in Russian: a QR analysis. In Linguistics in the Big Apple, CUNY/NYU Working Papers in Linguistics, www.researchgate.net/publication/228703341_The_Scope_of_Quantifier_Phrases_in_Russian_A_QR_Analysis.Google Scholar
Antonyuk, S. (2015). Quantifier scope and scope freezing in Russian (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Stony Brook University.Google Scholar
Aoun, J. & Li, Y. H. A. (1993). Syntax of scope. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bailyn, J. (1995). A configurational approach to Russian “free” word order (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.Google Scholar
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers: opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39, 129–81.Google Scholar
Bivon, R. (1971). Element order, Studies in the Modern Russian Language, 7. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Büring, D. (1997). The great scope inversion conspiracy. Linguistics and Philosophy, 20, 175–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, J. & Slabakova, R. (2014). Interpreting definiteness in a second language without articles: the case of L2 Russian. Second Language Research, 30, 159–90.Google Scholar
Chung, E. (2013). Sources of difficulty in L2 scope judgments. Second Language Research, 29, 285–310.Google Scholar
Fraundorf, S., Watson, D., & Benjamin, A. (2010). Recognition memory reveals just how CONTRASTIVE contrastive accenting really is. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 367–86.Google Scholar
Gut, U. (2009). Non-native speech: a corpus-based analysis of phonological and phonetic properties of L2 English and German. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, M. (1997). Indefinite pronouns. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heim, I. & Kratzer, A. (1998). Semantics in generative grammar. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hertel, T. (2003). Lexical and discourse factors in the second language acquisition of Spanish word order. Second Language Research, 14, 273–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ionin, T. (2003). The one girl who was kissed by every boy: scope, scrambling and discourse function in Russian. In van Koppen, M., van der Torre, E. J., & Zimmermann, M., eds., Proceedings of ConSole X. Leiden: Student Organization of Linguistics in Europe, pp. 65–80.Google Scholar
Ionin, T.(2012). Morphosyntax. In Herschensohn, J. & Young-Scholten, M., eds., The Cambridge handbook of second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press, pp. 75–103.Google Scholar
Ionin, T.(2013). Pragmatic variation among specificity markers. In Ebert, C. & Hinterwimmer, S., eds., Different kinds of specificity across languages. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 75–103.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T. (2015). One reading for every word order: revisiting Russian scope. In Steindl, U., Borer, T., Fang, H., et al., eds., Proceedings of the 32nd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, pp. 21–30.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T.(2017). The one kitten who was stroked by every girl: revisiting scope and scrambling in Russian. In Halpert, C., Kotek, H., & van Urk, C., eds., A pesky set: Papers for David Pesetsky. Cambridge, MA: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 243–52.Google Scholar
Ionin, T. & Luchkina, T.(2018). Focus on Russian scope: an experimental investigation of the relationship between quantifier scope, prosody, and information structure. Linguistic Inquiry, 49(4), 741–79.Google Scholar
Ioup, G. (1975). Some universals for quantifier scope. In Kimball, J. P., ed., Syntax and Semantics 4. New York: Academic Press, pp. 37–58.Google Scholar
Junghanns, U. & Zybatow, J. (1997). Syntax and information structure of Russian clauses. In Proceedings of the Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics (FASL): The Cornell Meeting. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Slavic Publications, pp. 289–319.Google Scholar
King, T. H. (1995). Configuring topic and focus in Russian. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
Kurtzman, H. & MacDonald, M. (1993). Resolution of quantifier scope ambiguities. Cognition, 48, 243–79.Google Scholar
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