Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T05:01:35.031Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 8 - Congenital heart disease in the fetus

from Section 3 - Fetal anomalies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2016

By
Orhan Uzun
Edited by
Bidyut Kumar  and
Zarko Alfirevic
Bidyut Kumar
Affiliation:
Wrexham Maelor Hospital
Zarko Alfirevic
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Fetal Medicine , pp. 102 - 138
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Carvalho, JS, Allan, LD, Chaoui, R, et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): sonographic screening examination of the fetal heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 41: 348–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. AIUM practice guideline for the performance of fetal echocardiography. J Ultrasound Med 2011; 30: 127–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardiac screening examination of the fetus: guidelines for performing the ‘basic’ and extended basic’ cardiac scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006; 27(1): 107–13.Google Scholar
Yagel, S, Cohen, SM, Achiron, R. Examination of the fetal heart by five short axis views: a proposed screening method for comprehensive cardiac evaluation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17(5): 367–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rychik, J, Ayres, N, Cuneo, B, et al. American Society of Echocardiography guidelines and standards for performance of the fetal echocardiogram. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17: 803–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vergani, P, Mariani, S, Ghidini, A, et al. Screening for congenital heart disease with the four chamber view of the fetal heart. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 1000–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buskens, E, Grobbee, DE, Frohn-Mulder, IM, et al. Efficacy of routine fetal ultrasound screening for congenital heart disease in normal pregnancy. Circulation 1996; 94: 67–72.Google Scholar
Copel, JA, Pilu, G, Green, J, et al. Fetal echocardiographic screening for congenital heart disease: The importance of the four-chamber view. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 648.Google Scholar
Oggè, G, Gaglioti, P, Maccanti, S, et al. Prenatal screening for congenital heart disease with four-chamber and outflow-tract views: A multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006; 28: 779.Google Scholar
Chaoui, R. The four-chamber view: four reasons why it seems to fail in screening for cardiac abnormalities and suggestions to improve detection rates. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22: 3.Google Scholar
DeVore, GR. The aortic and pulmonary outflow tract screening in the human fetus. J Ultrasound Med 1992; 11: 345.Google Scholar
Carvalho, JS, Mavrides, E, Shinebourne, E, et al. Improving the effectiveness of routine prenatal screening for major congenital heart defects. Heart 2002; 88: 387.Google Scholar
Kirk, JS, Riggs, TW, Comstock, CH, et al. Prenatal screening for cardiac anomalies: The value of routine addition of the aortic root to the four chamber view. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 427.Google Scholar
Allan, L, Hornberger, L, Sharland, G (eds). Textbook of Fetal Cardiology. London: Greenwich Medical Media, 2000.Google Scholar
Yagel, S, Silverman, N, Gembruch, U (eds). Fetal Cardiology. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003.Google Scholar
Schneider, C, McCrindle, BW, Carvalho, JS, et al. Development of Z-scores for fetal cardiac dimensions from echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 26: 599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeVore, G. The use of Z-scores in the analysis of fetal cardiac dimensions. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 26: 596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Firpo, C, Hoffman, J, Silverman, N. Evaluation of fetal heart dimensions from 12 weeks to term. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khoshnood, B, De Vigan, C, Vodovar, V, et al. Trends in prenatal diagnosis, pregnancy termination, and perinatal mortality of newborns with congenital heart disease in France, 1983–2000: a population-based evaluation. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, JI, Kaplan, S. The incidence of congenital heart disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol 2002; 39: 1890–1900.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferencz, C, Rubin, JD, McCarter, RJ, et al. Congenital heart disease: Prevalence at live birth. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 31.Google Scholar
Garne, E, Stoll, C, Clementi, M; Euroscan Group. Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases by ultrasound: experience from 20 European registries. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 386.Google Scholar
Ariane, J, Marelli, AS, Mackie, RII, et al. Congenital heart disease in the general population changing prevalence and age distribution. Circulation 2007; 115: 163–172.Google Scholar
van der Linde, D, Konings, EE, Slager, MA, et al. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58(21): 2241–7.Google Scholar
Hoffman, J, Christianson, R. Congenital heart disease in a cohort of 19,502 births with long-term follow-up. Am J Cardiol 1978; 42: 641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, H, Gutgesell, H, Clark, E, et al. (eds). Moss and Adams’ Heart Disease in Infants, Children and Adolescents Including the Fetus and Young Adult, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.Google Scholar
Keane, J, Lock, J, Fyler, D, et al. (eds). Nadas’ Pediatric Cardiology, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2006.Google Scholar
Rajiah, P, Mak, C, Dubinksy, TJ, et al. Ultrasound of fetal cardiac anomalies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 197(4): W747–60.Google Scholar
Burch, M. Congenital heart disease. Medicine 2006; 34; 7: 274–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaeggi, ET, Sholler, GF, Jones, OD, et al. Comparative analysis of pattern, management and outcome or pre versus postnatally diagnosed major congenital heart disease: A population-based study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 380.Google Scholar
Kirklin, JW, Barratt-Boyes, BG. Cardiac Surgery, 2nd edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.Google ScholarPubMed
Anderson, RH, Macartney, FJ, Shinebourne, EA, et al. Paediatric Cardiology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2001.Google Scholar
Uzun, O Ethical dilemmas in Fetal Cardiology: improving outcomes or reducing incidence. Welsh Paed J 2008; 24: 22–25.Google Scholar
Gopalakrishnan, PN, Sinha, A, Uzun, O. Change in referral and diagnostic trends in fetal cardiac screening over 7 years in South Wales. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2011; 96: Fa66–Fa67.Google Scholar
Sinha, A, Gopalakrishnan, PN, Tucker, D, et al. Outcome after prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) in South Wales over a 7-year period. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2011; 96: Fa67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinha, A, Gopalakrishnan, PN, Tucker, D, et al. Outcome of all antenatally diagnosed cases of complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) in South Wales over a 7 year period: impact of associated chromosomal anomalies. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2011; 96: Fa69.Google Scholar
Uzun, O, Sinha, A. Outcome of hypoplastic left and right heart syndrome (HLHS and HRHS) after antenatal diagnosis in South Wales over a seven year period. Cardiol Young 2011; 21 (Suppl. 1): S1–S167.Google Scholar
Uzun, O. Outcome of congenital heart defects associated with 22q11.2 Deletion. AEPC 2012, Istanbul. Cardiol Young 2012; 22 (Suppl. S1): S3–S176.Google Scholar
Uzun, O, Ofoe, V, Worrall, S. Changing trends in tetralogy of Fallot: impact of improved antenatal detection rate, earlier catheter and surgical intervention. Cardiol Young 2014; 24 (Suppl. 1): S148.Google Scholar
Uzun, O, Babaoglu, K, Bendapudi, P, et al. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: clinical presentation and long term outcome of 60 patients at a single institution in 32 years. AEPC 2014 Helsinki. Cardiol Young 2014; 24 (Suppl. 1): S60–61.Google Scholar
Pierpont, ME, Craig, T, Basson, D. Genetic basis for congenital heart defects: current knowledge. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Circulation 2007; 115: 3015–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peter, J, Gruber, PJ, Epstein, JA. Development gone awry: congenital heart Disease. Circ Res 2004; 94: 273–83.Google Scholar
Kyle Niessen, K, Karsan, A. Notch signaling in cardiac development. Circ Res 2008; 102: 1169–81.Google Scholar
Stankunas, K, Shang, C, Twu, KY, et al. Pbx/Meis deficiencies demonstrate multigenetic origins of congenital heart disease. Circ Res 2008; 103: 702–9.Google Scholar
James, J, Noba, JJ. Multifactorial inheritance hypothesis for the etiology of congenital heart diseases: the genetic-environmental interaction. Circulation 1968; 38: 604–17.Google Scholar
Goldmuntz, E. The genetic contribution to congenital heart disease. Pediatr Clin N Am 2004; 51: 1721–37.Google Scholar
Marino, B, Digilio, MC. Congenital heart disease and genetic syndromes: Specific correlation between cardiac phenotype and genotype. Cardiovasc Pathol 2000; 9: 303–15.Google Scholar
Nora, JJ, Nora, AH. Maternal transmission of congenital heart diseases: new recurrence risk figures and the questions of cytoplasmic inheritance and vulnerability to teratogens. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59: 459.Google Scholar
Allan, LD, Crawford, DC, Chita, SK, et al. Familial recurrence of congenital heart disease in a prospective series of mothers referred for fetal echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58: 334.Google Scholar
Boughman, JA, Berg, KA, Astemborski, JA, et al. Familial risks of congenital heart defect in a population-based epidemiological study. Am J Med Genet 1987; 26: 839.Google Scholar
Whittemore, R, Wells, J, Castellsague, X. A second-generation study of 427 probands with congenital heart defects and their 837 children. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23: 1459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyett, J, Perdu, M, Sharland, G, et al. Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10–14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study. BMJ 1999; 318: 81.Google Scholar
Burn, J, Brennan, P, Little, J, et al: Recurrence risks in offspring of adults with major heart defects: Results from first cohort of British collaborative study. Lancet 1998; 351: 311.Google Scholar
Garne, E, Stoll, C, Clementi, M; Euroscan Group. Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases by ultrasound: experience from 20 European registries. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 386.Google Scholar
Copel, JA, Pilu, G, Kleinman, CS. Congenital heart disease and extracardiac anomalies: Associations and indications for fetal echocardiography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154: 1121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinman, C, Nehgme, R, Copel, J. Fetal cardiac arrhythmias: diagnosis and therapy. In: Creasy, R, Resnik, R, Iams, J (eds). Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 5th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003.Google Scholar
Kleinman, CS, Nehgme, RA. Cardiac arrhythmias in the human fetus. Pediatr Cardiol 2004; 25: 234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, J. Fetal arrhythmias. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006; 27: 599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Respondek, M, Wloch, A, Kaczmarek, P, et al. Diagnostic and perinatal management of fetal extrasystole. Pediatr Cardiol 1997; 18: 361.Google Scholar
Strasburger, J, Huhta, J, Carpenter, R, et al. Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of persistent fetal arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7: 1386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uzun, O, Sinha, A, Beattie, B. Comparison of transplacental treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with digoxin, flecainide, and sotalol: Results of a nonrandomized multicenter study. Circulation 2012; 125: e956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uzun, O, Babaoglu, K, Sinha, A, et al. Rapid control of foetal supraventricular tachycardia with digoxin and flecainide combination treatment. Cardiol Young 2011; 29: 1–9.Google Scholar
Uzun, O, Babaoglu, K, Ayhan, YI, et al. Maternal serum antiarrhythmic drug levels do not predict fetal supraventricular tachycardia response time. AEPC 2013, London. Cardiol Young 2013; 23 (Suppl. 1): S57.Google Scholar
Babaoglu, K, Uzun, O, Ayhan, YI, et al. 10-year review of outcome of fetal arrhythmias in Wales. AEPC 2012, Istanbul. Cardiol Young 2012; 22 (Suppl. S1): S3–S176.Google Scholar
Uzun, O. Outcome of heart block diagnosed during fetal and postnatal life. AEPC 2012, Istanbul. Cardiol Young 2012; 22 (Suppl. S1): S3–S176.Google Scholar
Donofrio, MT, Moon-Grady, AJ, Hornberger, LK, et al; American Heart Association Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Joint Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129(21): 2183–242.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×