The greater part of the Dissertation, which I submitted for examination last year, has been included in the present work. Some omissions and alterations, involving an important change of view have been made; and nearly as much again of new matter has been added. I have followed the suggestions of my examiners in attempting to distinguish more clearly between my own views and those of Kant; and, in deference to the same suggestions, I have added an appendix on the chronology of Kant's ethical writings.

I have consulted the works of Caird and Adamson among English writers on Kant, and of Kuno Fischer, Benno Erdmann, J. H. Erdmann, Cohen and Vaihinger among the Germans. Had I been giving a general account of Kant's philosophy, I should, no doubt, have had large obligations to acknowledge to all of these writers: as it is, I probably owe to them more than I can estimate. But I have not consciously taken any of my views directly from them.

For my own metaphysical views, I am no doubt chiefly indebted to Bradley. But I have come to disagree with him on so many points, and those points of importance, that I doubt if I can name any special obligations. For my ethical views it will be obvious how much I owe to Prof. Sidgwick.