Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 High-frequency and high-data-rate communication systems
- 3 High-frequency linear noisy network analysis
- 4 High-frequency devices
- 5 Circuit analysis techniques for high-frequency integrated circuits
- 6 Tuned power amplifier design
- 7 Low-noise tuned amplifier design
- 8 Broadband low-noise and transimpedance amplifiers
- 9 Mixers, switches, modulators, and other control circuits
- 10 Design of voltage-controlled oscillators
- 11 High-speed digital logic
- 12 High-speed digital output drivers with waveshape control
- 13 SoC examples
- Appendix 1 Trigonometric identities
- Appendix 2 Baseband binary data formats and analysis
- Appendix 3 Linear matrix transformations
- Appendix 4 Fourier series
- Appendix 5 Exact noise analysis for a cascode amplifier with inductive degeneration
- Appendix 6 Noise analysis of the common-emitter amplifier with transformer feedback
- Appendix 7 Common-source amplifier with shunt–series transformer feedback
- Appendix 8 HiCUM level 0 model for a SiGe HBT
- Appendix 9 Technology parameters
- Appendix 10 Analytical study of oscillator phase noise
- Appendix 11 Physical constants
- Appendix 12 Letter frequency bands
- Index
- References
9 - Mixers, switches, modulators, and other control circuits
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 High-frequency and high-data-rate communication systems
- 3 High-frequency linear noisy network analysis
- 4 High-frequency devices
- 5 Circuit analysis techniques for high-frequency integrated circuits
- 6 Tuned power amplifier design
- 7 Low-noise tuned amplifier design
- 8 Broadband low-noise and transimpedance amplifiers
- 9 Mixers, switches, modulators, and other control circuits
- 10 Design of voltage-controlled oscillators
- 11 High-speed digital logic
- 12 High-speed digital output drivers with waveshape control
- 13 SoC examples
- Appendix 1 Trigonometric identities
- Appendix 2 Baseband binary data formats and analysis
- Appendix 3 Linear matrix transformations
- Appendix 4 Fourier series
- Appendix 5 Exact noise analysis for a cascode amplifier with inductive degeneration
- Appendix 6 Noise analysis of the common-emitter amplifier with transformer feedback
- Appendix 7 Common-source amplifier with shunt–series transformer feedback
- Appendix 8 HiCUM level 0 model for a SiGe HBT
- Appendix 9 Technology parameters
- Appendix 10 Analytical study of oscillator phase noise
- Appendix 11 Physical constants
- Appendix 12 Letter frequency bands
- Index
- References
Summary
What is a mixer?
A mixer is a three-port circuit that employs a non-linear or time-varying device in order to perform the critical frequency translation function in wireless communication systems. The non-linear or time-varying parameter can be either a conductance/resistance or a transconductance. If the time-varying element is a resistance or conductance, the mixer is called resistive. Mixers that rely on a time-varying transconductance are known as active mixers.
When used in a transmitter, the mixer acts as an upconverter by shifting the data signal from a low frequency to the carrier frequency, making it suitable for transmission by the antenna. In the receiver, it serves as a downconverter by separating the data signal from the carrier and shifting it to a low frequency, where it can be demodulated and processed in a cost-effective manner. Ideally, in both cases, the signal at the output is a replica of the signal at one of the mixer inputs, translated to a lower or higher frequency, with no loss of information and no added distortion.
Most IC mixers are implemented with switches. In addition, image-reject mixers also require 90 degree phase shifters and in-phase power combiners or splitters. Finally, mixers can be employed to realize digital modulators. The final part of this chapter will review switches, phase shifters, and M-ary phase and QAM modulators based on phase shifters and Gilbert cell mixer topologies.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- High-Frequency Integrated Circuits , pp. 553 - 620Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013
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