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Chapter 22 - Cosmetic Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins for the Upper Face

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2023

By
Katherine Glaser  and
Dee Anna Glaser
Edited by
Daniel Truong ,
Dirk Dressler ,
Mark Hallett ,
Christopher Zachary  and
Mayank Pathak
Daniel Truong
Affiliation:
University of California, Riverside
Dirk Dressler
Affiliation:
Hannover Medical School
Mark Hallett
Affiliation:
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Christopher Zachary
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Mayank Pathak
Affiliation:
Truong Neuroscience Institute
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Summary

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are the most commonly performed cosmetic procedure in the USA. Rhytids, commonly known as wrinkles, develop over time from repeated pleating and contraction of underlying skeletal muscle along with decreased elasticity and thickness of the overlying skin. Typically, rhytids appear perpendicular to the direction of muscular contraction.

BoNT prevents skeletal muscle contraction by inhibiting acetylcholine release from the neuromuscular junction, thereby relaxing the relevant muscles. BoNT can soften the appearance of rhytids and reduce further formation. This chapter discusses the use of BoNT specifically for the treatment of rhytids of the upper face including the glabella, forehead, peri-ocular region and nose. Many of these treatments are considered off-label but are known to be safe and effective.

Keywords

Wrinkle reductionrhytidsglabella linesforehead linescrow’s feetbrow liftbunny linesBotoxDysportXeominJeuveau
Type
Chapter
Information
Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy , pp. 188 - 196
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

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