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16 - Ecotoxicology: The ecology of interactions between pesticides and non-target organisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

By
P. C. Jepson
Edited by
Marcos Kogan  and
Paul Jepson
Marcos Kogan
Affiliation:
Oregon State University
Paul Jepson
Affiliation:
Oregon State University
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Summary

Introduction

Ecotoxicology is a hybrid discipline that derives its principles and approaches from toxicology, chemistry and ecology. It has spawned numerous text books and manuals (e.g. Levin et al., 1988; Calow, 1994a; b; Moriarty, 1999; Walker et al., 1995) that attempt to draw together these constituent disciplines into a coherent enough whole to enable this applied science to evolve. The principles of ecotoxicology provide the underlying rationale for understanding, regulating and managing the impacts that toxic chemicals have on the environment. It is through its role in providing the technical and scientific foundation for regulatory toxicology that ecotoxicology has its greatest impact on IPM; and this impact is immense. All pesticides that are in use in the western world at least, are subjected to regulatory procedures that approve, restrict or deny use of these chemicals based upon the environmental, as well as the human health risks that they pose.

Ecological risk assessment (Suter, 1993) has developed as an elaborate set of procedures that address the environmental component of the risks posed by xenobiotic chemicals. These procedures are designed to systematically evaluate the probability that adverse effects may occur as a result of exposure to stressors, in this case pesticides. The objective of ecological risk assessment is to inform management decisions, which may include the decision to approve the use of a particular pesticide.

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Perspectives in Ecological Theory and Integrated Pest Management , pp. 522 - 552
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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