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10 - Fault populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2010

By
Richard A. Schultz ,
Roger Soliva ,
Chris H. Okubo  and
Daniel Mège
Edited by
Thomas R. Watters  and
Richard A. Schultz
Richard A. Schultz
Affiliation:
Geomechanics – Rock Fracture Group, Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno
Roger Soliva
Affiliation:
Université Montpellier II, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, France
Chris H. Okubo
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff
Daniel Mège
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, UFR des Sciences et Techniques Université de Nantes, France
Thomas R. Watters
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
Richard A. Schultz
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Reno
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Summary

Summary

Faults have been identified beyond the Earth on many other planets, satellites, and asteroids in the solar system, with normal and thrust faults being most common. Faults on these bodies exhibit the same attributes of fault geometry, displacement–length scaling, interaction and linkage, topography, and strain accommodation as terrestrial faults, indicating common processes despite differences in environmental conditions, such as planetary gravity, surface temperature, and tectonic driving mechanism. Widespread extensional strain on planetary bodies is manifested as arrays and populations of normal faults and grabens having soft-linked and hard-linked segments and relay structures that are virtually indistinguishable from their Earth-based counterparts. Strike-slip faults on Mars and Europa exhibit classic and diagnostic elements such as rhombohedral push-up ranges in their echelon stepovers and contractional and extensional structures located in their near-tip quadrants. Planetary thrust faults associated with regional contractional strains occur as surface-breaking structures, known as lobate scarps, or as blind faults beneath an anticlinal fold at the surface, known as a wrinkle ridge. Analysis of faults and fault populations can reveal insight into the evolution of planetary surfaces that cannot be gained from other techniques. For example, measurements of fault-plane dip angles provide information on the frictional strength of the faulted lithosphere. The depth of faulting, and potentially, paleogeothermal gradients and seismic moments, can be obtained by analysis of the topographic changes associated with faulting.

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Planetary Tectonics , pp. 457 - 510
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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  • Fault populations
    • By Richard A. Schultz, Geomechanics – Rock Fracture Group, Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Roger Soliva, Université Montpellier II, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, France, Chris H. Okubo, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Daniel Mège, Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, UFR des Sciences et Techniques Université de Nantes, France
  • Edited by Thomas R. Watters, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, Richard A. Schultz, University of Nevada, Reno
  • Book: Planetary Tectonics
  • Online publication: 30 March 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511691645.011
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  • Fault populations
    • By Richard A. Schultz, Geomechanics – Rock Fracture Group, Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Roger Soliva, Université Montpellier II, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, France, Chris H. Okubo, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Daniel Mège, Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, UFR des Sciences et Techniques Université de Nantes, France
  • Edited by Thomas R. Watters, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, Richard A. Schultz, University of Nevada, Reno
  • Book: Planetary Tectonics
  • Online publication: 30 March 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511691645.011
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  • Fault populations
    • By Richard A. Schultz, Geomechanics – Rock Fracture Group, Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Roger Soliva, Université Montpellier II, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, France, Chris H. Okubo, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Daniel Mège, Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, UFR des Sciences et Techniques Université de Nantes, France
  • Edited by Thomas R. Watters, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, Richard A. Schultz, University of Nevada, Reno
  • Book: Planetary Tectonics
  • Online publication: 30 March 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511691645.011
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