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8 - Psychophysiological studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

By
Vilfredo De Pascalis
Edited by
Philip J. Corr
Vilfredo De Pascalis
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Rome, Italy
Philip J. Corr
Affiliation:
University of Wales, Swansea
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Summary

The original version of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) (Gray 1982, 1987, 1991) postulated three basic emotion systems, identifiable in animal species, with relevance to human personality. The three systems are defined as the Behavioural Approach System (BAS), the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and the Fight-Flight System (FFS). The BAS is thought to be a simple positive feedback system which is sensitive to stimuli associated with reward (approach) or with omission (active avoidance) or termination of punishment (escape). This system is responsible for positive affect. The BAS is involved in moving the organism up to the temporo-spatial gradient through the location of the reward.

The BIS is defined by inhibition of ongoing behavior programs in response to conditioned stimuli associated with punishment or non-reward (frustration), or novel stimuli. The BIS mechanism is thought as a comparator that continuously scans the environment by checking predicted against actual events (checking mode) and being able to stop programmed motor activity by other systems (control mode) if they do not match. The system also modulates the control of exploratory behavior by diverting attention toward the threatening or novel stimulus. When a mismatch between predicted and actual events occurs, the motor program is stopped and outputs of the BIS seek to take more information by enhancing attention and arousal. This system is responsible for negative affect.

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The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality , pp. 261 - 290
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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  • Psychophysiological studies
  • Edited by Philip J. Corr, University of Wales, Swansea
  • Book: The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality
  • Online publication: 31 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819384.009
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  • Psychophysiological studies
  • Edited by Philip J. Corr, University of Wales, Swansea
  • Book: The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality
  • Online publication: 31 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819384.009
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  • Psychophysiological studies
  • Edited by Philip J. Corr, University of Wales, Swansea
  • Book: The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality
  • Online publication: 31 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819384.009
Available formats
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