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Chapter 6 - Ocean Energy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

By
Anthony Lewis ,
Segen Estefen ,
John Huckerby ,
Kwang Soo Lee ,
Walter Musial ,
Teresa Pontes ,
Julio Torres-Martinez ,
Desikan Bharathan ,
Howard Hanson  and
Garvin Heath
...Show all authors
Edited by
Ottmar Edenhofer ,
Ramón Pichs-Madruga ,
Youba Sokona ,
Kristin Seyboth ,
Susanne Kadner ,
Timm Zwickel ,
Patrick Eickemeier ,
Gerrit Hansen ,
Steffen Schlömer  and
Christoph von Stechow
...Show all authors
Ottmar Edenhofer
Affiliation:
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
Ramón Pichs-Madruga
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones de la Economía Mundial (CIEM)
Youba Sokona
Affiliation:
The Sahara and Sahel Observatory
Kristin Seyboth
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Susanne Kadner
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Timm Zwickel
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Patrick Eickemeier
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Gerrit Hansen
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Steffen Schlömer
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Christoph von Stechow
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
Patrick Matschoss
Affiliation:
Technical Support Unit of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change
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Summary

Executive Summary

Ocean energy offers the potential for long-term carbon emissions reduction but is unlikely to make a significant short-term contribution before 2020 due to its nascent stage of development. In 2009, additionally installed ocean capacity was less than 10 MW worldwide, yielding a cumulative installed capacity of approximately 300 MW by the end of 2009. All ocean energy technologies, except tidal barrages, are conceptual, undergoing research and development (R&D), or are in the pre-commercial prototype and demonstration stage. The performance of ocean energy technologies is anticipated to improve steadily over time as experience is gained and new technologies are able to access poorer quality resources. Whether these technical advances lead to sufficient associated cost reductions to enable broad-scale deployment of ocean energy is the most critical uncertainty in assessing the future role of ocean energy in mitigating climate change. Though technical potential is not anticipated to be a primary global barrier to ocean energy deployment, resource characteristics will require that local communities in the future select among multiple available ocean technologies to suit local resource conditions.

Though ocean energy resource assessments are at a preliminary phase, the theoretical potential for ocean energy easily exceeds present human energy requirements. Ocean energy is derived from technologies that utilize seawater as their motive power or harness its chemical or heat potential. The renewable energy (RE) resource in the ocean comes from six distinct sources, each with different origins and requiring different technologies for conversion: waves; tidal range; tidal currents; ocean currents; ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC); and salinity gradients.

Type
Chapter
Information
Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation
Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 , pp. 497 - 534
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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