A newly developed compact AMS, LEA (Low Energy Accelerator), is tested and compared with a state-of-the-art AMS system MICADAS (Mini Carbon Dating System), which has a precision performance of better than 1‰ for modern 14C. The main difference between these two systems is the acceleration voltage, which has been reduced from 200 kV with the MICADAS system to 50 kV with the LEA system. In order to execute the final performance tests, exactly same samples (2 sets consisting of 7 standards, 4 blanks, 26 wood samples) are measured on both systems successively. The results show that the LEA system is fully operational, and the performance is entirely comparable with that of the MICADAS system.

This paper examines the distinctive distribution patterns of Amphore Crétoise (AC) 4 amphoras within Roman trade networks through critical assessment of the morphological attributes of this amphora type compared to AC1–3 jars and through consideration of the mechanisms that underlie these patterns. This builds on a growing number of studies that have focused on the design attributes of amphoras as important factors tied to their economic role. It also demonstrates the importance of engaging in more nuanced and detailed investigations that question assumptions about amphora distribution within the Roman world. The AC4 is the primary, and often only, Cretan type found at sites in Rome's northwestern provinces and along the Danube frontier. A narrower profile and smaller capacity appear to have made this amphora type more attractive than other Cretan forms for transport along river and overland routes.

International cultural heritage regimes such as the World Heritage Convention have faced increasing scrutiny with regard to the impact of heritage governance on local communities. An oft-posited solution to this problem is to increase the possibilities for these communities to participate in decisions that will potentially affect the heritage they live in, with, or around. For international lawyers, this discussion is usually framed through the lens of the right to take part in cultural life guaranteed by human rights law. This case note reflects on the Final Report of the International Law Association’s Committee on Participation in Global Cultural Heritage Governance, which analyzes the current state of the law on these issues and formulates several proposals for its future development. The case note underlines the potentialities of human rights-based approaches to heritage management and the importance of adopting a cross-sectoral approach to participation in international governance.

The article presents results of measurements of radiocarbon (14C) concentration in sub-annual dendrochronologically dated tree rings of English oak (Quercus robur L.) from Grabie village near Kraków (southern Poland). Samples of early wood (EW) and late wood (LW) spanning the years 664–658 BCE. α-cellulose was extracted from each sample and their radiocarbon content was measured at the ATOMKI laboratory in Debrecen, Hungary. The EW and LW data confirm a prolonged increase in Δ14C values around 665–663 as was observed by Park et al. (2017), Rakowski et al. (2019), or Sakurai et al. (2020). In addition, we found that this event may consist of two relatively small events, as was proposed by Sakurai et al. (2020). Based on obtained in this and previous study data we estimate that the occurrence of the two events were between 665 and 664 BCE (Rakowski et al. 2019), and in late spring of 663 BCE (May–June, before beginning of LW formation).