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While it is no longer tenable to simply oppose interest in the cultural legacy of ancient Greece and Rome to interest in Europe’s New Worlds, the task of assessing the interpretative lens provided by a humanistic education remains rather tangled. Taking as a starting point some examples from the conquest of Chile and elsewhere in Spanish America, the lecture examines critically how classical models of memorable behavior, and an idea of antiquity that often implied an enhanced sense of cultural distance, strengthened the principle of comparability, shaped imperial self-representation, and affected the interpretation of indigenous agency.
This article argues that ancient and medieval Iberian legal tradition pertaining to buried treasure and non-Christian cemeteries influenced the development of a widespread phenomenon of licensed grave robbing in colonial Latin America. The disturbance of tombs had long been problematic, and ecclesiastical councils were still calling for the excommunication of grave robbers at the end of the sixteenth century. Scholars have often treated such tomb raiding in isolation from its medieval past, but this article explores how Juan de Solórzano Pereira (1575–1655) invoked authoritative precedents like Cassiodorus and the “Siete Partidas” to legally and morally justify the excavation of Indigenous American sepulchers.