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This pioneering work by the influential German classicist Karl Ottfried Müller (1797–1840) was one of the earliest scholarly books to address the question of the origins and meaning of the Greek myths. Published in Göttingen in 1825, it proposes a definition of 'myth' and goes on to suggest how possible sources for myths might be identified in historical events. Müller discusses how the age of particular myths might be established, either from the dates of such events, or from datable references to the myths in literary sources, and how the original substance of a myth might be distinguished from later accretions or modifications in poetry and prose. He also considers the interpretation of myths and their symbolic functions. Müller concludes with examples of how his method might be applied to particular cases, and a chapter comparing his proposals with those of other scholars.
The interpretation of animal sacrifice, now considered the most important ancient Greek and Roman religious ritual, has long been dominated by the views of Walter Burkert, the late J.-P. Vernant, and Marcel Detienne. No penetrating and general critique of their views has appeared and, in particular, no critique of the application of these views to Roman religion. Nor has any critique dealt with the use of literary and visual sources by these writers. This book, a collection of essays by leading scholars, incorporates all these subjects and provides a theoretical background for the study of animal sacrifice in an ancient context.
Thomas Arnold (1795–1842) first published Volume 3 of his edition of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War in 1835. It contains Books 6-8 of the History, covering events from the Athenian Sicilian expedition, which began in 415 B.C.E., to the battle of Cynossema in 411 B.C.E. The text and apparatus is based on the third edition of Bekker (1832). However, Arnold freshly collated a number of Greek manuscripts, including the important tenth-century Laurentian manuscript, which led to some revision of Bekker's text. Arnold's major contribution to Thucydidean scholarship lies in the detailed topographical and historical notes accompanying the text, which explain the geographical and political background to the History. For many generations Arnold's work has provided an indispensable guide through the complex geo-political context of the History, enabling students to appreciate its narrative, language and place in historiography.