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Named for a goddess, epicenter of the first democracy, birthplace of tragic and comic theatre, locus of the major philosophical schools, artistically in the vanguard for centuries, ancient Athens looms large in contemporary study of the ancient world. This Companion is a comprehensive introduction the city, its topography and monuments, inhabitants and cultural institutions, religious rituals and politics. Chapters link the religious, cultural, and political institutions of Athens to the physical locales in which they took place. Discussion of the urban plan, with its streets, gates, walls, and public and private buildings, provides readers with a thorough understanding of how the city operated and what people saw, heard, smelled, and tasted as they flowed through it. Drawing on the latest scholarship, as well as excavation discoveries at the Agora, sanctuaries, and cemeteries, the Companion explores how the city was planned, how it functioned, and how it was transformed from a democratic polis into a Roman city.
The large archaeological sites in Athens are the result of systematic excavations, while numerous rescue excavations following the pace of modern construction have revealed a wealth of information on all aspects of life in the ancient city. Although rescue excavations are conducted in a piecemeal fashion, they have provided fixed points in the topography of Athens, new finds, and identifications of monuments.
The public, official life of Athens took place mostly in the central square, known as the Agora, described by ancient authors, especially Pausanias, and excavated by the American School of Classical Studies. This chapter explores the buildings that housed the executive (Royal Stoa), legislative (Bouleuterion), and judiciary (law courts, or diskasteria) branches of the Athenian democracy.
Ancient markets and trading activity in the city of Athens are attested not only through literary sources describing where to buy certain goods and what happens when deals fall through, but also through the archaeology of market buildings, the equipment of buying and selling, and the containers for transporting and storing wine, oil, and other commodities.
This chapter studies elite sport in Classical Athens and its relationship to war. It argues that this relationship explains why non-elite citizens support pro-sport policies.
This chapter is about the history, the monuments and the people of Piraeus, the arsenal, and the commercial center of the Athenian empire. The proposed reconstruction of the residential quarters and the harbor installations of this model city designed by Hippodamos, the father of city-planning, is based on recent archaeological research.
The ceramic industry supplied Athenians with a wide variety of products, from fine tableware, utilitarian pottery, lamps, and figurines to water pipes and roof tiles. This chapter reviews the stages of production, from gathering and working the clay through forming and firing the final product and its sale, at home and abroad.