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Black and indigenous musics continue to evolve and dominate global markets and cultural spheres, notwithstanding a history of intellectual property theft and cultural appropriation. DJs and producers (by way of sampling or extrapolation) have played archival roles outside traditional music archiving. Colonial invasions and the transatlantic slave trade, as well as academic neocolonialism, displaced cultural histories imparted through oral traditions. The Black radical tradition resists global corporate capitalism, even within a music industry that emphasises stereotypical Black tropes for profit. Without regulation, the practices of museums, the education system and the music industry will be exacerbated by the development of recommendation systems and artificial intelligence (AI). Hence, in communities that have already suffered unjust intellectual and cultural property theft, I recognise and re-centre the archiving musico-cultural role that DJs and producers have historically played.
Between 2022 and 2023 I ran two experimental DJing workshops in a school in East London with Year 10 GCSE music students. They were experimental in the sense that I had not run workshops with this age group before and that I was sharing some experimental techniques with digital DJ technology (DDJT) that I had been exploring in my own practice. They proved to be highly engaging for the young people and highlighted significant, and sometimes unexpected, benefits of using DDJT in the classroom. The results of the workshops are analysed in the context of the 2016 addition of DJing as an ‘instrument’ for the performance component of the GCSE assessment, alongside claims that this is a ‘challenge to colonisation’. While the addition is viewed as positive, it is questioned whether viewing DJing as being equivalent to other instrumental playing captures the plurality of a practice that is distributed across sonic, social and discursive realms. Historical and conceptual precedents for viewing DJing both as an instrument and as an art are explored, and it is suggested that it could also be assessed under the GCSE Art & Design criteria.
Learning about music, sound or audio can present significant challenges for individuals who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). Given the advancements in technology and the increasing emphasis on equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in education, this article proposes pedagogical approaches aimed at facilitating the learning process for DHH students in the areas of music and audio production. These approaches encompass sound visualisation, haptic feedback, automated transcription, tactics in non-linear editing and digital signal processing. Importantly, these approaches do not necessitate advanced technical skills or substantial additional resources, thus lowering barriers for DHH students to overcome challenges in music and audio production. Furthermore, these strategies would enable content creation and editing for individuals with DHH, who may have previously been excluded from participating in music and audio production. Recommendations are provided for the implementation of these approaches in diverse educational settings to promote the integration of EDI in music and audio education.
In this article, DJ and scholar Jake Williams speaks with Maria Chavez and Elijah about their ideas concerning education and pedagogy in electronic music. Although they come from very different musical backgrounds, the rationale for the joint interview was twofold: first, they are both DJs who think deeply about their practice and have strong pedagogical commitments; and second, their pedagogical practices have led to them to work between informal and formal educational spaces, across a range of age groups. The talk touches on their views on music education, academia, definitions of success, what it means to be ‘open source’ and, of course, DJing.
Within computer-based and live electronic music, the values of competition, power, control and innovation dominate. Women continue to be under-represented in technical roles across production, management and software development. To address this imbalance, I examine how feminist frameworks and values can be applied to challenging the biases that influence uneven gender distribution within music technology development. Focusing on live embodied composition and computing where performative and design roles intersect, I explore the work of women composers who design or co-create bespoke systems that feature the body, reimagining the norms of music technology development while exposing insights about gender, race and body types in the sound and music industries. Referencing the work of Laetitia Sonami and Lauren Sarah Hayes, I argue that their embodied design practices constitute a type of activism that promote the feminist values of human computer interaction (HCI), including collaboration, transparency and empathy, countering dominant audio equipment and software design values oriented towards precise, perfected and disposable designs created in a hierarchical fashion.
‘Sound, Image and Motion’ (SIM) is a unique interdisciplinary programme in Brazilian higher education, blending visual arts, audiovisual and sound creation. We start with a brief historical overview of avant-garde traditions in Bahia and delve into the university’s principles and guiding plan in order to situate SIM among art courses and its available resources. We explore its flexible curriculum in detail, considering the limitations posed by a new university with scarce resources, and describe the curricular structure to analyse experiences with teaching and constructing an interdisciplinary sound creation qualification within this programme.
This article explores the Musical Design course offered at McGill University by Mario Bertoncini in 1975–6 in a collaboration between the music department and the department of mechanical engineering. Some of the students independently created a collective named Sonde (originally named MuD from the name of the course). This unique pedagogical experience, influenced by Bertoncini’s understanding of craftmanship in Renaissance workshops, will be presented as an antecedent of research-creation or artistic practice as research, a ubiquitous and vastly recognised modality of research that has been gaining more and more traction since the early 2000s.
This chapter delves into the application of trapped ions in electromagnetic fields for quantum computing, starting with the technique of confining ions using a linear Paul trap. It then examines the encoding of qubits within the ions’ electronic states. The interaction between an ion and a laser, pivotal for system operations, is analyzed next. This interaction underpins the initialization of ions via laser cooling and the execution of one- and two-qubit gates. The two-qubit gates also employ the ions’ motional states to extend beyond the traditional qubit space. The process also includes a method for measuring qubit states by detecting the photons released when ions are excited. The text identifies key sources of noise that can affect ion traps. It concludes with a summary and the advantages and challenges associated with trapped-ion quantum computing.
This chapter examines the use of photon ensembles for quantum computing. It opens with a primer on photons, normal modes, and both linear and nonlinear optics. The discussion then advances to the technologies employed in generating and detecting single photons, followed by methods of qubit encoding and initialization. Subsequently, the focus shifts to qubit control, detailing the execution of single-qubit gates using linear optical elements and the Knill–Laflamme–Milburn (KLM) protocol for two-qubit gates. While the textbook predominantly centers on the circuit model, alternative models of quantum computing – specifically, one-way quantum computing and continuous-variable quantum computing – and their optical implementations are introduced. Additionally, it outlines the primary sources of noise affecting these systems. The chapter wraps up with a reflection on the comparative benefits and limitations of optical quantum computing.
This chapter delves into superconducting qubits, starting with the essentials of superconductivity and circuit design. Central to this discussion is the Josephson junction, a key element in creating superconducting qubits. The text focuses on the transmon, the archetype in this field, while acknowledging other designs. Initialization of the transmon involves sophisticated dilution refrigerators, a process that is also examined. Additionally, the principles of circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) are introduced as the framework for qubit control and measurement. Attention is then given to noise sources and their effect on superconducting qubits, with insights that apply to various qubit systems. The chapter wraps up by highlighting the strengths and challenges of superconducting qubits for quantum computing.