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You can open any Mathematica notebook file by double-clicking on its icon with your mouse. It will appear on your screen exactly as it was when it was saved. You can open two or more notebooks at the same time if you wish.
Adding Text to Notebooks
Text Cells
Mathematica has an integrated word processor that is simple to use once you are familiar with the cell structure of a Mathematica notebook (see Section 1.5, “Input and Output,” on page 3 for a discussion of input and output cells). To add text to a notebook, you need to create a text cell. To do this, first go to the Window menu and select Show Toolbar. A toolbar will appear across the top of your notebook window. Now position your mouse between any two cells in your notebook (or below the last cell in the notebook, or above the first cell) where you want to add text. The cursor will change from a vertical bar to a horizontal bar. Now click. You should notice a horizontal black line that runs completely across your notebook window. Next, use your mouse to select Text from the pull-down menu on the toolbar, and start typing. As soon as you do, a new text cell will be inserted in your notebook at the position of the horizontal black line, and it will contain the text you type.
The mathematician and juggler Ronald L. Graham has likened the mastery of computer programming to the mastery of juggling. The problem with juggling is that the balls go exactly where you throw them. And the problem with computers is that they do exactly what you tell them.
This is a book about Mathematica, a software system described as “the world's most powerful global computing environment.” As software programs go, Mathematica is big–really big. We said that back in 1999 in the preface to the first edition of this book. And it's gotten a good deal bigger since then. There are more than 900 new documented symbols in version 6 of Mathematica. It's been said that there are more new commands in version 6 than there were commands in version 1. It's gotten so big that the documentation is no longer produced in printed form. Our trees and our backs are grateful. Yes, Mathematica will do exactly what you ask it to do, and it has the potential to amaze and delight–but you have to know how to ask, and that can be a formidable task.
That's where this book comes in. It is intended as a supplementary text for high school and college students. As such, it introduces commands and procedures in an order that roughly coincides with the usual mathematics curriculum. The idea is to provide a coherent introduction to Mathematica that does not get ahead of itself mathematically.
This paper analyzes the stabilization problem from the energy point of view. Perturbations are detected by the gyros and categorized according to the constraints on the zero-moment point, energy, and walking pattern. Ankle torque is exerted to extend the linear inverted pendulum mode (LIPM). Compensation movement is computed according to the analysis on the energy of LIPM and the influence of disturbance to the energy. The experimental results from both the simulation and the physical robot not only proved effective but also explain various human reactions to disturbance in locomotion.