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136342 results in Economics

Page 2 of 6818

Agency Theory in Public Administration

Agency Theory in Public Administration
  • A Comparative Study of the US, China, and EU
  • Eduardo Araral
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • This Element advances an agency-theoretic approach to public administration through comparative analysis of the United States, China, and EU. It examines how principals – such as legislatures, executives, or ruling parties – can align the actions of diverse agents, including civil servants, public agencies, street-level bureaucrats, and contractors, with the public interest. Drawing on an extensive review of 146 key studies and AI-assisted analysis of 8,400 articles from Public Administration Review, Part I outlines fundamental concepts: goal divergence, moral hazard, adverse selection, and information asymmetry and traces its history, debates, and criticisms. These concepts are then applied to key themes in public administration – performance management, federalism/decentralization, contracting, politics-administration, and institutional drift. Part II investigates how these problems manifest and tackled in the US, China, and Europe. Part III concludes with a synthesize of findings, debates, extensions, and future directions for theory and practice.
Rethinking Political Meritocracy

Rethinking Political Meritocracy
  • An Attention-Based Approach
  • Xiao Ma
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Political meritocracy, which selects and promotes officials based on their work performance, is an important explanation for China's rapid development. While prior studies focus on territorial leaders (kuai), less attention is given to functional department leaders (tiao), whose performance is harder to measure, attribute, or compare. This Element introduces an attention-based explanation, arguing that in China's complex bureaucratic system, marked by intricate divisions of labor and information asymmetry, capturing superiors' attention is critical for official's career advancement. Through case studies and analyses of original biographical data on functional department leaders, this Element reveals: 1) Promotion likelihood correlates with officials' ability to gain superiors' attention; 2) Not all attention-seeking behaviors align with governance goals, often fostering bureaucratic issues like formalism and over-implementation. This attention-based framework tries to reconcile debates on competence versus connections in Chinese political selection and explains both the bureaucratic system's successes and its governance challenges.
Embracing the Circular Economy in Developing Nations

Embracing the Circular Economy in Developing Nations
  • A Pathway to Sustainable Growth and Resilience
  • Sandeep Goyal, Bruno S. Sergi, Sarthak Kaushish, Priyanka Chaudhary
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Many developing countries are recognising that the traditional 'take–make–dispose' model of growth is no longer sustainable. This element explores that turning point and examines how the circular economy can offer a better path. A circular economy focuses on using resources for longer, reducing waste, and reusing or recycling materials. It offers a way to grow that can generate income, protect nature, and include more people in development. The element traces how circular economy ideas have evolved over the past decade, moving from a mainly global conversation to one increasingly shaped by local needs and realities. It argues that meaningful progress happens when three forces align: effective public policy, active communities, and strong cross-sector partnerships. Through case studies of businesses in developing countries, the element shows how firms with limited resources use creativity to redesign products and processes, turn waste into value, and collaborate to overcome constraints.

A History of India's Green Revolution (South Asia Edition)
  • A Reign of Technocracy
  • Prakash Kumar
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    01 September 2027

Trumpism and the Future of Public Administration
  • Donald F. Kettl
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Donald Trump saw the federal bureaucracy as the breeding ground of the 'deep state,' a powerful, unresponsive collection of bureaucratic experts determined to undermine the policies for which he was convinced he had a mandate. He translated that into a furious assault on the basic principles of both the theory and practice of public administration. One of the points of his genius was his incomparable skill in identifying issues that resonated with voters, and his attacks on public administration identified unarguable problems. But those attacks also eroded government's capacity to get work done and the strategies for accountability that had carefully grown since the founders wrote the Constitution. Transforming administration into instruments of political symbols and political power undermined the basic values of public administration – and created fundamental challenges to which the field must rise in charting a public administration for 2035 and beyond.
Bribery as a Third Path to Power?

Bribery as a Third Path to Power?
  • Political Selection in China Beyond Performance and Patronage
  • Jiangnan Zhu
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • While bribery has been extensively studied, the dynamics of personnel corruption in the public sector, often known as 'buying and selling of government offices,' remain underexplored. This form of corruption involves leaders' accepting or soliciting bribes from subordinates to influence recruitment, appointment, and promotion decisions, significantly impacting political selection and governance quality. This Element employs a dual perspective – corruption and elite mobility – to analyze the distribution of office-selling across the Chinese administrative matrix and its various forms and implications. Using two novel self-compiled datasets, it proposes a tripartite framework of performance, patronage, and purchase to reimagine political selection in China, highlighting the coexistence of multiple governance models: a meritocratic state prioritizing competence, a clientelist state emphasizing loyalty, and an investment state bound by money. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Rethinking Climate Policy
  • Innovation and the Economics of Resource Creation
  • Jean-François Mercure, Hector Pollitt
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Policies designed to address climate change have been met with limited success. Multilateral treaties, agreements and frameworks linked to the UN and COP meetings have so far failed to limit the rise in average global temperature. Rethinking Climate Policy suggests that one of the most important reasons for this is that we are looking at the economics of climate change in the wrong way, arguing that we need to look at climate change as a problem of resource creation, not resource allocation. It identifies problems in current climate policymaking, breaking many taboos in standard economics, to offer a bold proposal for effective and achievable public policy to achieve a zero-carbon economy. Underpinned by both a sound economic and complex systems analysis, this book develops a groundbreaking metric of economic resilience to measure the capacity of economies to transform without breaking down and accordingly how to best design climate policies.

The Political Economy of Rwanda's Rise
  • Pritish Behuria
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Drawing on a decade of research and more than 580 interviews, this innovative political economy case study explores Rwanda's bold attempt to transform its economy after the 1994 genocide into one of the most rapidly growing countries in Africa. Pritish Behuria offers a multi-sector analysis of how globalisation and domestic politics shape contemporary development challenges. This study critically analyses the Rwandan Patriotic Front's ambitions to reshape Rwanda into a regional services hub while grappling with foreign dependency, elite vulnerability and limited financial resources. Through extensive analysis of the political economy of multiple sectors and the macro-economy, Behuria uses the Rwandan case as a window into answering why structural transformation remains so elusive on the continent. The Political Economy of Rwanda's Rise provides fresh insights into highlighting the contemporary challenges facing African countries as they integrate into the global economy. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Middlemen in Search Equilibrium
  • A Survey
  • Grace Xun Gong, Ziqi Qiao, Randall Wright
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Surveys the literature on middlemen (i.e., intermediation in exchange) reviewing, extending and consolidating key developments in the field. This is important because intermediated trade is common in reality but absent in standard general equilibrium theory. The authors focus on research using search theory. In various models, agents may act as middlemen when they are good at search, bargaining, recognizing quality, storing inventories, using credit, etc. The theory applies to markets for goods, inputs or assets. The authors discuss versions with indivisible or divisible goods, fixed or endogenous participation, stationary and dynamic equilibria, and some implications for efficiency and volatility.
Abandoning Democracy for the Nation

Abandoning Democracy for the Nation
  • Filip Milacic
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • This Element contributes to a better understanding of the burning question of why voters support politicians who subvert democracy. Instead of focusing on the usual explanations such as polarization or populism, the Element breaks new ground by focusing on the interplay between democracy and nationalism. By relying on the experiences of five countries (Serbia, Poland, Hungary, Israel, and Turkey) and using exclusive data obtained through surveys and interviews with actors involved, the Element answers three key questions: (1) How the subversion of democracy in the name of the nation unfolds, (2) Why many voters acquiesce to the subversion of democracy by nationalist elites, and (3) What matters in resisting the attacks on democracy with nationalist appeals. The answers to these questions reconcile demand-side and supply-side findings on democratic backsliding and shed new light on how to fight back more successfully.
A Behavioral Finance Approach to International Monetary and Financial Analysis

A Behavioral Finance Approach to International Monetary and Financial Analysis
  • Implications and Evidence
  • Thomas D. Willett
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Efficient market theory has made an important contribution to economic and financial analysis, but markets do not always behave according to the theory's predictions. The behavioral finance approach advocated in this Element is a complement to efficient market theory. The Element stresses the effects of perverse incentives, complexity, and uncertainty, as well as the roles of mental models or narrative and behavioral biases. It emphasizes limits to arbitrage, suggesting that international capital mobility is often far from perfect. It reviews popular models and considers alternatives in areas such as currency crises, exchange rates and the balance of payments, the international monetary trilemma, capital flow surges and sudden stops, and the discipline effects of international financial markets. The behavioral approach of the Element also helps to explain why governments often fail to undertake necessary policy adjustments in time to head off currency and financial crises.
From Collective Punishment to Constraints on Authority

From Collective Punishment to Constraints on Authority
  • Rethinking the Impact of US Sanctions on Venezuela
  • Miguel Angel Santos, José Morales-Arilla, Zinedine Partipilo Cornielles
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • This Element critically examines the claim that United States economic sanctions on Venezuela constituted 'collective punishment' of the Venezuelan population, contributing significantly to the country's economic collapse and humanitarian crisis. Through comprehensive analysis of economic, developmental, and welfare indicators from 2013 to 2023, it demonstrates that the bulk of Venezuela's economic devastation - including 52 percent of GDP losses and 98 percent of import declines - largely occurred before financial sanctions were imposed in August 2017. Key welfare indicators such as infant mortality, undernourishment, and life expectancy had deteriorated substantially by 2017 and subsequently stabilized or improved following sanctions implementation, contradicting narratives that attribute Venezuela's collapse primarily to external economic pressure. The Element provides a timeline of Venezuelan economic and political events around sanctions and a critical review of the literature on their economic effects. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Industrial Development and Division of Labour
  • A History of Analysis
  • P. Sai-wing Ho
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • A country's industrial policy aims at promoting the development of sectors that often relate to manufacturing and is especially important for less-developed countries as they seek to catch up economically. Industrial Development and Division of Labor re-examines the long history behind the debate on its formulation and organises the discussion around the two types of division of labour found in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. One type has evolved to become the neoclassical perspective and its notion of market failure that has heavily skewed the debate's history. Noting its limitations, including the simplified catch-up learning that is conceived, this book illustrates that arguments for industrial policy that are rejected by Neoclassical economists – so-called 'protectionist' and import-substituting ones – and newer notions involving innovation systems actually share roots with Smith's other type of labour division. They offer broader perspectives on policy that call for establishing elaborate interactive contexts for learning for development.

Dispute Settlement Reports 2024

Dispute Settlement Reports 2024

Empirical Bayes
  • Some Tools, Rules, and Duals
  • Roger Koenker, Jiaying Gu
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Empirical Bayes methods as envisioned by Herbert Robbins are becoming an essential element of the statistical toolkit. In Empirical Bayes: Tools, Rules, and Duals, Roger Koenker and Jiaying Gu offer a unified view of these methods. They stress recent computational developments for nonparametric estimation of mixture models, not only for the traditional Gaussian and Poisson settings, but for a wide range of other applications. Providing numerous illustrations where empirical Bayes methods are attractive, the authors give a detailed discussion of computational methods, enabling readers to apply the methods in new settings.

High Rates and Low Taxes
  • Tax Dodging in Mid-Century America
  • Steven A. Bank
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Amidst calls for a return to the high tax rates of the 1950s and 60s, this book examines the tax dodging that accompanied it. Lacking political will to lower the rate, Congress riddled the laws with loopholes, exemptions, and preferences, while largely accepting income tax chiseling's rise in American culture. The rich and famous openly invested in tax shelters and de-camped to exotic tax havens, executives revamped the compensation and retirement schemes of their corporations to suit their tax needs, and an industry of tax advisers developed to help the general public engage in their own form of tax dodging through exaggerated expense accounts, luxurious business travel on the taxpayer's dime, and self-help books on 'how the insider's get rich on tax-wise' investments. Tax dodging was a part of almost every restaurant bill, feature film, and savings account. It was literally woven into the fabric of society.
The Rise of Econophysics

The Rise of Econophysics
  • A Connected History of Two Disciplines
  • Gianfranco Tusset
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • Classical mechanics provided the conceptual and methodological foundations of neoclassical economics, which has its roots in economic individualism. Since the early twentieth century, statistical mechanics has underpinned a lesser-known approach to economics and finance, one that focuses on aggregates and the interactions between individuals. This has led to the emergence of a new field of research, known as econophysics, which brings to the fore concepts such as emergent properties, power laws, networks, entropy, and multifractality, thereby reshaping economic enquiry.

The Economics of Language
  • How Large Language Models Can Reshape Behavioural Economics
  • Valerio Capraro
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • The development of artificial intelligence and machine learning is leading to a revolution in the way we think about economic decisions. The Economics of Language explores how the use of generative AI and large language models (LLMs) can transform the way we think about economic behaviour. It introduces the LENS framework (Linguistic content triggers Emotions and suggests Norms, which shape Strategy choice) and presents empirical evidence that LLMs can predict human behaviour in economic games more accurately than traditional outcome-based models. It draws on years of research to provide a step-by-step development of the theory, combining accessible examples with formal modelling. Offering a roadmap for future research at the intersection of economics, psychology, and AI, this book equips readers with tools to quantify the role of language in decision-making and redefines how we think about utility, rationality, and human choice.

Antitrust and Competition Policy
  • A New Foundation
  • Darryl Biggar, Alberto Heimler
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Antitrust and competition laws are government regulations that seek to encourage competition by limiting the market power of firms. Some degree of monopolistic or market power has long been a feature of our economies and is most recognisable today through the activities of companies such as Google, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and Apple. The concept of market power remains a central idea in fields such as industrial organization, the economics of regulation, competition law and competition policy, yet there is still much debate about how to define it and how to measure it. Antitrust and Competition Policy suggests a new approach for identifying market power and building on it sets out, for the first time, a sound, comprehensive economic foundation for competition law and policy. This framework sheds new light on a range of antitrust violations including the discernment of anti-competitive mergers, abusive practices and restrictive agreements.

Page 2 of 6818