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In this chapter, we will explore some of the fundamental challenges that are common to most, if not all, wireless networking systems and architectures. The intent is to approach the problem in a general framework that can derive meaningful insights into the broad categories of wireless architectures, as well as specific issues associated with specific architectures and designs. Although many of the current wireless architectures are highly specialized and homogeneous, it will be shown that the necessity for increased capability and cost-effective performance, within increasing spectrum constraints, is driving architectures to become more expansive and heterogeneous in their structure. These structures introduce opportunities for optimization across a range of heterogeneous techniques, technologies, and architectures, as well as a requirement for unique optimization methods within each of the homogeneous architectures. This chapter will also introduce some of the fundamental metrics that will be the basis for subsequent analysis and for the development of decision criteria.
Evolution of wireless and mobile architectures
Although cellular and mobile communications are a special case of a wide number of wireless architectures, their impact on popular usage, and society in general, is profound. It is important that their specific trends, and design considerations, be reflected in even the most general treatment of wireless networking.
Not only is spectrum a highly constrained resource, but also energy consumption, real-estate for towers, visual obstruction, and other aspects of the wireless ecosystem are significant considerations in the evolution of wireless technology.
Gentle Reader: Henry Fielding begins his great comic novel Tom Jones with these words.
An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money. […] Men who pay for what they eat, will insist on gratifying their palates, however nice and even whimsical these may prove; and if every thing is not agreeable to their taste, will challenge a right to censure, to abuse, and to d—n their dinner without controul.
To prevent therefore giving offence to their customers by any such disappointment, it hath been usual, with the honest and well-meaning host, to provide a bill of fare, which all persons may peruse at their first entrance into the house; and, having thence acquainted themselves with the entertainment which they may expect, may either stay and regale with what is provided for them, or may depart to some other ordinary better accommodated to their taste.
To take a hint from these honest victuallers, as Fielding did, it strikes me therefore that I should at once and without delay explain my motivations for writing this book and what the reader may reasonably hope to find in it. To the expert reader who finds a discursive prolegomenon irritating, I apologise. There have been so many worthy and beautiful books published on the subject of probability that any new entry must needs perhaps make a case for what is being added to the canon.